Effect of Environmental factors on appearance quality of bag-planted Ganoderma lucidum

As a medicinal fungus, the medicinal value and commercial value of Ganoderma lucidum are directly related to the quality of fruiting body. It is an ideal goal for medicinal Ganoderma lucidum producers to cultivate fruiting bodies with good cap development and maturity. The fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum is very sensitive to environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, ventilation, light and so on. if the conditions are not suitable, it is easy to produce deformed Ganoderma lucidum. Strict regulation of environmental factors is a necessary measure to improve the yield and appearance quality of Ganoderma lucidum.

I. temperature factor

The primordium of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body can occur in large numbers at 25-30 ℃, but it rarely occurs below 22 ℃ and grows slowly. Although it can occur above 34 ℃, it is easy to form tumor-like protuberances and stop development after primordium formation. Ganoderma lucidum cap grows faster at 28-30 ℃, with sparse wheel pattern and lighter surface color. At 24-26 ℃, it takes a long time to grow, accumulates more active components and has a hard texture, so the quality of Ganoderma lucidum grown at this temperature is better. In order to take into account the growth time and fruiting body quality, the room temperature during primordium differentiation and cap growth should be (28 ±1) ℃ and (26 ±1) ℃ respectively. In the cultivation practice, the temperature control methods are as follows: ⑴ arranges the time of producing Ganoderma lucidum properly according to the local natural air temperature, and it is suitable for the middle and south of Hebei Province from early June to early September; when the air temperature is 30 ℃, ⑵ can adopt proper shading, surface watering well water and ventilation can reduce the room temperature by about 1-3 ℃; the production units of ⑶ can use automatic temperature control equipment, the effect is better.

Second, temperature control

The temperature demand of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body has the characteristics of high humidity and constant humidity. The suitable relative humidity is 90% Mak 95%, and it is required that the humidity should be kept relatively constant from the appearance of the primordium to the maturity of the fruiting body, so that the entity can grow normally and evenly. However, due to the long growth period of the fruiting body, high temperature and large water evaporation, in order to achieve the required humidity, we must water the ground or trench 3-4 times a day, and spray water in space. If the humidity is normal, the shape of the growth part of the top or the edge of the cover is round and regular, showing dark white. When the air is dry, this part turns grayish white, and then appears yellow, while the surface becomes rough or concave-convex, and loses luster. Based on this, we can judge whether the fruiting body is short of water. If water shortage is found, atomized water can be sprayed directly to the fruiting body, and water can be irrigated (sprinkled) in combination with the ground (ditch). Avoid spraying directly on the cap during the spore release period, and the indoor relative humidity is reduced to 85%, 90%, a lower level.

III. Ventilation regulation

The fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum is sensitive to the content of CO2 in the air. It is measured that in the original stage, the fruiting body can differentiate normally when the volume fraction of CO2 is less than 0.1%. When the volume fraction of CO2 in the air is 0.03%, the cap differentiates quickly and develops normally, and when the volume fraction of CO2 is more than 0.1%, the cap is difficult to differentiate and form, and the stalk can prolong the branches into antlers. Therefore, good ventilation should be maintained in the room during the formation and development of fruiting body. In order to solve the contradiction between ventilation and heat preservation, it is generally better to be ventilated at night or early in the morning or long and slow air flow throughout the day.

Fourth, lighting conditions

The fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum is also sensitive to light and has the characteristic of directional light growth. The light intensity and the direction of light source have great influence on the growth of fruiting body. It was measured that when the light intensity was 4000-6000LX, the fruiting body developed normally, the stalk was strong, and the cap was thick; when the light was strong, the stalk was small, undifferentiated cap or formed a small and thin cap. After the formation of the primordium of the fruiting body, the direction of the light source or the position of the cultivation bag should not be changed at will, otherwise it will affect the normal growth of the fruiting body and easily form abnormal Ganoderma lucidum. If it is cultivated in a vertical bag, in order to make the fruiting body develop normally, it generally transmits light on the top surface after the formation of the primordium, so that the stalk extends upward, and after the cap differentiation, the top surface is shaded and changed to one side to transmit light, so that the cap grows along the horizontal light source. in this way, a regular fruiting body with a fan-shaped cap perpendicular to the cap can be formed.