Ganoderma lucidum disease: ghost umbrella

Coprinus belongs to the subphylum Basidiomycetes, Strychomycetes, Umbrella order, Umbelliferae, Genus. The common species are C.atramentarius (Bull.) Fr., C.fuscesens (Schaeff.) Fr., C.comatus (Muell.exFX.) Gray, C.slerquitinusFr., C.micaceus (Bull.) Fr. Wait.

1. The common morphological feature of umbrellas is that the cap is warhead-shaped or egg-shaped, jade white, gray or gray-yellow, and most of them have scaly hairs on the surface. The stalk is slender and hollow. After maturing, the cap unfolds, the fold changes from white to black, and finally dissolves into ink with the cap. The spores are black, oval, mixed in ink.

two。 Morbidity regularity

The main results are as follows: (1) Ghost umbrellas often occur on horse, cow and sheep manure and compost and poor fermentation, and there are also a large number of spores on moldy or damp rice straw, cottonseed shell and other raw materials. It is transmitted by air and spore-bearing matrix and mulch. The ghost umbrella that has happened dissolves quickly after opening the umbrella and spreads again with the ink-like liquid.

(2) in terms of occurrence condition nutrition, too much nitrogen source was added to the culture material, or excessive fermentation resulted in acid production and release of excess ammonia; high temperature and high humidity environment, mostly occurred in hot summer and humid substrate; acid environment is very easy to induce a large number of ghost umbrellas.

(3) the growth characteristics are fast growth rate, early appearance and short cycle. For example, it takes about 7 hours from the formation of the fruiting body to the opening of the umbrella, about 8 hours from the opening of the umbrella to the autolysis of the bacteria, and only 24 hours from the formation of the fruiting body to the full autolysis; there are many spores, strong fecundity and ferocious force. A hairy ghost umbrella releases more than 5 billion spores, which can easily cause devastating disasters once it occurs.

3. Damage symptoms before the appearance of the ghost umbrella fruiting body, there are no obvious symptoms, after the fruiting body grows out of the material surface, many gray-black small umbrella bacteria can be seen, growing very fast, dying at twilight, covering the whole bed. The occurrence of Ganoderma lucidum can be seen in soil-covering cultivation, and it competes with Ganoderma lucidum for water and nutrients, resulting in reduced yield or no harvest.

4. Prevention and cure method

(1) choose dry, fresh and mildew-free raw materials and expose them to the sun for 2 days before use. When the raw material is composted and fermented, the temperature of the material should reach more than 70 ℃ and turn the pile in time. The ratio of carbon to nitrogen and water content should be reasonable.

(2) the soil should be sealed and fumigated with 5% formaldehyde solution before mulching.

(3) in case of occurrence, ghost umbrellas should be removed, burned or buried in time before opening them.