Analysis on the effects and problems of the Development of Edible Mushroom Industry

I. current situation of development

The production of edible fungi is a new industry that all countries in the world attach great importance to development. It is also an important industry in China's agricultural economy and an advantage project for farmers to get rich. Yongchang County has a vast territory, superior natural conditions, sufficient labor resources, outstanding regional planting advantages, and has unique conditions for the development of off-season edible fungus production. In 2002, it was listed as a key characteristic industry by the county party committee and county government, after multi-investigation and demonstration by county leaders and business departments, in 2003, the county party committee and county government officially launched and implemented the production of edible fungi as a pillar industry to adjust agricultural structure and increase farmers' income.

In 2003, Lentinus edodes and Bailing mushrooms were planted on a pilot basis in Liukezhuang Village, Xinchengzi Town, Nanba Township and Beiquan Village, Jiaojiazhuang Township. In that year, 80 mushroom sheds were built, more than 200,000 bags of Lentinus edodes and Bailing mushrooms were planted, and more than 200 tons of edible mushrooms were produced, with an income of nearly 1 million yuan. Due to the success of trial planting in the first year, edible fungus cultivation has been accepted by cadres at all levels and farmers because of its low investment, quick results, high ratio of output to input, remarkable economic benefits and so on. In 2004, the county listed the production of edible fungi as a key industry to develop characteristic agriculture, high-efficiency agriculture, foreign exchange-earning agriculture and agricultural structure adjustment, and to increase farmers' income and become rich. In order to strengthen the technical service, the county signed a technical service agreement with the vegetable Institute of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and two edible fungus experts were appointed by the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences to stay in our county all the year round to set up test and demonstration sites to carry out test and demonstration and technical guidance. The production of edible mushrooms in the county has made a great breakthrough, the planting scope has developed to 5 townships and 22 villages, the number of farmers has grown to 611, the number of bags of mushrooms planted in bags has increased to 1.319 million, and that of flat mushrooms has increased to 40980 square meters. the planting varieties have developed from Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus to double spore mushrooms, Lentinus edodes, Flammulina velutipes, Agaricus blazei Murrill, Agaricus blazei, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus ostreatus, Coprinus comatus, Pleurotus ostreatus and so on.

After several years of development, the edible mushroom industry has become a new characteristic industry for farmers in cool areas of our county to increase their income and become rich, and has achieved outstanding results in the following aspects:

First, the scale of industrial development is growing. In 2007, the number of edible mushroom growers in the county grew to 4006, the planting quantity reached 886000 bags, 557300 square meters, and the total mushroom output reached 6.45 million kg, including 3708 double spore mushroom growers, 557300 square meters, with a total output of 5.57 million kg; Lentinus edodes growers, planting 706000 bags with a total output of 700, 000 kg; 60 Pleurotus ostreatus growers, planting 180, 000 bags, with a total output of 180, 000 kg In 2008, the relevant departments at all levels will make meticulous arrangements, widely publicize and launch, strengthen work measures, and strive to promote the development and construction of the edible mushroom industry.

Second, the fungus base is beginning to take shape. In accordance with the unified arrangements of the county party committee and county government, all relevant villages and towns adhere to the goal of industrial development, large-scale development, and standardized production, and pay close attention to the cultivation of edible mushroom production bases. Up to now, it has initially formed two-spore mushroom production bases in Shantou, Jiahe, Shaojiazhuang, Liu Kezhuang, Beiquan, Louzhuangzi, Jiaojiazhuang, Shagoucha, Jinchuan West and other villages, and Lentinus edodes production bases in Mayingou, Xiwan, Zhaotian, Shuimoguan, Louzhuangzi and other villages. Although the cultivation of edible fungi in our county started late and the scale is small, the characteristics are very obvious, and it has become one of the largest counties in the production of anti-seasonal fungi in the country. At the same time, after experiments in recent years, mushrooms such as Pleurotus ostreatus, Auricularia auricula, Flammulina velutipes, Agaricus blazei, apricot mushrooms and Agaricus blazei Murrill have also been successfully planted in our county, which has laid a good foundation for the industrialization development of edible fungi in our county.

Third, the planting efficiency has been significantly improved. According to the investigation, the average yield of Pleurotus ostreatus planted in our county in 2007 has reached more than 10 kg per square meter. the purchase price of Pleurotus ostreatus is up to 7.6 yuan / kg and the lowest is 5.0 yuan / kg. According to the average price of 6.0 yuan / kg, the income per square meter reached 60 yuan, deducting the cost 10 yuan / square meter, the net income has reached 50 yuan, a 60-meter-long bacterial shed, the net cultivation area is about 250 square meters. The net income per shed reached 12500 yuan, nearly 20 times that of growing malting barley. According to the survey of Lentinus edodes growers, a 30-meter-long mushroom shed can hold 3000 bags of Lentinus edodes bags, with an average yield of 1 kg, an average price of 7.50 yuan per kilogram, an income of 7.50 yuan per bag, deducting the cost of bag material 2.8yuan per bag, a net income of 4.70 yuan per bag, and a net income of 14100 yuan per shed, which is 2030 times the income of planting @ # @ 245green @. The cultivation of edible fungi not only has obvious economic benefits, but also effectively transfers the surplus labor force in rural areas. at the same time, edible mushroom planting can make full use of crop scraps, local materials and local production, and improve the utilization rate of crop straw and livestock manure. Turn the waste that affects the appearance of the village into a valuable resource for farmers to increase their income and become rich.

Fourth, great attention has been paid to technical services. As an emerging industry, the key to success or failure is technology. In order to strengthen the technical service, the county renewed the technical service agreement with the vegetable Institute of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and the technical staff of the expert group of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences set up a demonstration site in the village all the year round. The experiment demonstrated the new varieties of edible fungi, new cultivation techniques, new formula of cultivation materials, simple cultivation facilities and other technologies, and achieved success, which laid the foundation for further demonstration and promotion, and really played the role of a typical example of the demonstration point. In order to enable the broad masses of farmers to master the cultivation technology of edible fungi in a timely and comprehensive manner, in all aspects of edible mushroom production, organized the provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences expert group technical personnel, county and township agricultural technical personnel, went to the relevant villages and towns to carry out targeted special training. At the same time, villages and towns also organized farmers to visit and study in places where edible fungi were planted earlier, and through training, visiting and learning and other forms, farmers initially mastered the planting technology of edible fungi, which laid the foundation for the development of edible mushroom industry.

Fifth, the market system is becoming more and more perfect. The development of edible mushroom industry must take leading enterprises and intermediary organizations as carriers, connect the vast number of scattered producers with the market, form an industrial chain, and promote the development of the industry. In 2007, Chunya Food Company and Golden Mushroom mushroom industry have been completed and put into production, which played a certain role in the acquisition of edible fungi in that year. Villages and towns also actively contact with non-local businessmen to come to our county to purchase products. The edible fungi produced in our county have been purchased by merchants from Fujian, Sichuan, Beijing, Zhangye, Jinchang, Wuwei and other places, and the products are in short supply. With the continuous expansion of the industrial base, a number of farmers' brokers for the purchase and transportation of edible fungi have emerged, which have played an important role in the development of edible mushroom industry in the county.

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