Control of Common physiological Diseases of Edible Fungi

1. Overgrowth of hyphae

After inoculation, the vegetative growth of edible fungi is too prosperous, and the villous hyphae grow densely. After covering the soil, they often "drill" out of the ground and form a fungal quilt. The occurrence of this situation is related to the characteristics of bacteria and environmental conditions. low water content in soil layer, high nitrogen content in culture materials, poor ventilation and excessive air humidity are easy to cause mycelium overgrowth and "false mycelium" phenomenon.

Common prevention and control methods: select high-quality bacteria; pry the consolidated bacteria loose and destroy; cover fine soil, increase ventilation and reduce air relative humidity; spray heavy water to promote mycelium kink to form a fruiting body; spray growth regulators to promote its transformation from vegetative growth to reproductive growth.

two。 Mycelium atrophy and degeneration

In the stage of fungus and mushroom emergence, sometimes the mycelium yellowed, blackened, atrophied, degraded and even died.

The imbalance of carbon-nitrogen ratio of material damage, acidification of culture material, breeding of miscellaneous bacteria, improper use of disinfection and germicidal agents and residual harmful substances in materials are not conducive to the growth of mycelium. The prevention should be strengthened, the preparation and fermentation of culture materials should be done well, and the culture materials should be checked carefully, the pH value should be tested, the specific reasons should be found out, and different remedial measures should be taken according to different causes and mycelium degradation. If the culture material is acidified, it should be adjusted by spraying appropriate amount of lime water; if the mycelium degeneration is caused by improper disinfectant, the culture material should be re-adjusted and supplementary inoculation should be carried out.

If the humidity is too high, the hyphae are afraid of being wet and not afraid of drying. If too much water is sprayed during the mushroom period, the covering soil is too thin, and the water seeps into the material, the mycelium will shrink and even die. When this happens, we should pay attention to ventilation and dampness, and appropriately change the method of spraying water. Water spraying should not be too big or too urgent.

Under the conditions of high temperature, muggy heat and poor ventilation, the hyphae are prone to yellowing and death. The growth of mycelium can be restored by strengthening ventilation, adjusting temperature and humidity.

If the mycelium is weak and shrinking due to the poor viability of the mycelium, triacontanol, peptone solution or mushroom strengthening agent can be sprayed before covering the soil to promote its growth and make the mycelium strong.

3. Deformed mushroom

Pleurotus ostreatus culture material is too thin, lack of nutrients; soil cover is too thin; mycelium vitality is not strong or mycelium is too long and hardened, the position of mushroom is high; mushroom room is poorly ventilated, high temperature and high humidity; mushroom density is high, growth is too fast, nutrients can not keep up; thin-skinned mushroom will be produced due to the aging of mycelium and the decline of nutrient absorption capacity.

Prevention and control methods: do a good job in the fermentation of culture materials in the early stage, cover the soil reasonably, strengthen ventilation during the growing period, reduce the temperature and humidity of mushroom rooms, properly fertilize, supplement nutrients, and so on.

The reasons for the formation of hollow mushrooms are as follows: high air humidity, rapid growth of young mushrooms, lack of moisture in the soil layer, high temperature and then low temperature in the process of young mushroom growth, dry and then wet culture materials, wet and lower dry materials, wet soil layer and dry material layer; large amount of water evaporation on the surface of the cover and lack of water in the middle of the stalk.

Prevention and control methods: maintain appropriate temperature and humidity in the mushroom shed, ventilate in the morning and evening during the high humidity period, close the window at noon to avoid excessive temperature and water evaporation, ensure that the air relative humidity is not less than 90%, and spray enough mushroom water and mushroom water to avoid the phenomenon of external wet and inner dry, upper wet and lower dry.

The sudden drop of air temperature, the contrast between air temperature and material temperature, air temperature and soil temperature, high humidity of fine soil and low temperature of mushroom shed make the nutrient metabolism of mushroom body disorder, resulting in the disequilibrium between the stalk in the soil layer and the cover on the soil, resulting in division and separation, thus forming a hard umbrella.

Prevention and control methods: pay attention to heat preservation, do not let cold air blow into the mushroom shed, reduce temperature changes, and maintain appropriate air humidity and water content of culture materials.

The reasons for the formation of Pleurotus ostreatus: during the ventilation process after covering the soil, the water content of the soil layer is too low; the mycelium in the soil layer shrinks, and the bacteria grow late after sowing; the air temperature is low; the material is mixed with soil.

Prevention and control methods: appropriate amount of water spray, maintain the appropriate water content of the soil layer; cover the soil should not exceed 3 cm; do not use mixed soil cow dung and so on.

The causes of Pleurotus ostreatus are high air relative humidity, poor ventilation, high concentration of carbon dioxide, senescence of mycelium and weak growth of mycelium in soil layer.

Prevention and treatment: strengthen ventilation and spray mushroom strengthening agent.

When Pleurotus ostreatus is sown, the seed block is too large, the thickness of covering soil is uneven, the water content of culture material is uneven, several or dozens of fruiting bodies are crowded together, and so on, it will lead to the production of ball mushroom. Control methods: spread the bacteria evenly when sowing; appropriately increase the thickness of the soil cover, evenly cover the soil, and adjust the moisture reasonably.

After spraying water on the bed surface of Pleurotus ostreatus, the door is not ventilated in time, the humidity of the mushroom room is too high, and small water droplets accumulate on the surface of the fruiting body, which will produce rust spots after a long time.

Prevention and control methods: prolong the ventilation time after spraying water, do a good job in ventilation in wet weather, keep the air fresh, and select good soil covering materials.

The temperature of Pleurotus ostreatus is on the low side, the greenhouse is dry, the difference of environmental dryness and humidity increases suddenly, and the cover is easy to produce scales.

Prevention and control methods: pay attention to improve the air relative humidity and maintain stability during the mushroom production period, so as to prevent the cold wind from suddenly attacking the mushroom shed.

Most of the red root mushrooms were sprayed with too much water before mushroom production, excessive water content in the soil layer, excessive use of glucose solution, high concentration of lime water and urea solution, and poor ventilation.

Control methods: during the mushroom production period, the water content of the soil layer should not be too high; the mushroom bed should not be sprayed with water before picking mushrooms; when spraying lime water or topdressing the mushroom bed, we should pay attention to grasp the concentration.

Rose crown mushroom, that is, the edge of the mushroom cover is turned over and rolled up, the bacteria fold grows to the surface of the cover, and the fold turns red and discolored, like a rose chicken crown. It is mostly caused by chemical pollution, such as mineral oil or phenolic compounds mixed in the culture material, and spraying pesticides in and near the mushroom room to produce a certain amount of harmful gas, which will lead to rose-colored chicken crown mushroom.

Prevention and control methods: the warehouse for storing oil or pesticides should not be converted into a mushroom room; the soil contaminated by chemicals should not be used as covering material; the mushroom room cannot be illuminated by kerosene lamps, and if heated by a coal stove or wood stove, ventilation should be strengthened; culture materials should not come into contact with mineral oil or phenols during pile construction.