Identification and Control of several Diseases of Edible Fungi

Brown rot, also known as white rot, wet bubble disease and other diseased mushrooms were invaded when they were young, and could not be further differentiated and developed, and deformed mushrooms were formed in the later stage, often with a layer of "white hair" on the surface, that is, the pathogenic mycelium. When the temperature was above 20 ℃, the diseased mushroom became dark, then rotted, oozed brown (soy sauce) juice and rotted and stinked when the temperature was above 20 ℃, and the process became longer when the temperature was lower than 20 ℃. When the fruiting body was invaded in the middle stage, the cover appeared brown spot, the stalk was swollen and fat, and then the mushroom became soft. When the diseased mushroom was cut, it was found that the interior of the diseased mushroom changed from white to dark white, and the mushroom body became dark brown after soft rot. The pathogen of the disease is Alternaria verrucosa.

Brown spot disease is also called dry bubble disease, black spot disease and so on. In the early stage of the disease, the primordium occurs irregularly and develops abnormally; when infecting young mushrooms, brown stripes appear on the stalks, brown spots on the cover, and diseased mushrooms grow to one side. The diseased mushroom was cut and observed that the interior of the tissue was yellowish brown, dry and loose, but the mushroom body did not rot and had no odor. The pathogen of the disease is Verticillium.

Soft rot is also known as downy mildew, wet rot and so on. After the mushroom bed is covered by the gray-white hyphae of the bacteria, it becomes dark gray-green or dark brown, and the edible fungus hyphae loses its vitality due to lack of oxygen and poisoned by bacterial secretions, and then it is difficult to produce mushrooms; the diseased mushrooms occur from the base and extend upward to the cap, which appears at the initial stage of light brown waterlogged spots of different sizes, and then is covered by the bacteria, then rotts, and then falls down by hand touch. The pathogen of the disease is Staphylococcus aureus.

Spot disease is also known as spot disease. The pathogen formed a rust-colored (dark yellow-red) spot on the cover, with neat edges, sunken in the middle, dry spots, cracking of the cap, less infection on the stalk and pleats, and high incidence when water droplets gathered on the cover surface for a long time. The disease is a bacterial disease, and the pathogen is Pseudomonas torlandii.

In the early stage of macular disease, there was a small spotted light yellow disease area on the cover, which expanded with the growth of mushrooms and infected other fruiting bodies, then the color became darker and expanded to the whole cap. In the later stage of infection, the mushroom secreted yellow-brown water droplets, and the diseased plant stopped growing. The disease is a bacterial disease, and the pathogen is Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

In the environment of continuous high temperature, high humidity, poor ventilation, poor selection of bacteria, improper production technology and dirty environment, the incidence of the above diseases is relatively high, so the prevention and control should follow the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive control": ① advocates clinker cultivation. When mixing the fermentation material, add appropriate amount of Ames warming starter, Jingmailing, Bijiesi and Lixin fungus king to enhance their own disease resistance. ② strict fermentation, sterilization, inoculation and culture and other processes to avoid high temperature during the bacteria growing period. The soil covering material should be treated with formaldehyde. The old mushroom shed was fumigated with sulfur. After harvesting, ③ stopped water for 2 days and sprayed Bordeaux solution once. Spray twice in a row, spray again after budding. Cultivated with soil mulching, the mushroom was irrigated with Bordeaux solution after the first tide. In the early stage of ④, diseased mushrooms were removed in time, the material surface was scraped, and 100 times mushroom king solution, Bordeaux solution, available chlorine 150mg / L bleach solution, 100,200 international units of agricultural streptomycin were sprayed. Bed planting to remove diseased materials, and sprinkle lime powder, bleach, to eliminate the source of infection and avoid man-made transmission.