High-quality and High-yield cultivation techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus

Pleurotus ostreatus has thick body, crisp, tender and delicious stalk, rich in nutrition, and contains eight kinds of amino acids necessary for human body, among which the contents of lysine, arginine and glutamic acid are high, and it has certain medicinal value. The following key techniques should be mastered in its high-yield cultivation.

The seedlings of fine strains were white, dense, sturdy, vigorous and uniform. Where found that there are yellow, green, black, orange and other colors are miscellaneous bacteria infection, such strains should be prohibited.

The optimum temperature for the emergence of Pleurotus ostreatus in the best cultivation period is 16 ℃ ~ 30 ℃, which is generally inoculated in March, and the suitable time for cultivation can also be selected according to the local climatic conditions.

The formula for the production of tea-seed mushroom cultivation materials with raw materials is as follows: 50% of cottonseed shell, 26% of sawdust, 15% of wheat bran, 5% of corn meal, 2% gypsum, 1% phosphate fertilizer and 1% lime. 1% tea seed cake or tea seed shell can also be added to the formula to improve the aroma of Pleurotus ostreatus. After selecting the formula, the ingredients should pay attention to the following three points: first, cottonseed hull, wheat bran and so on should be fresh, such as moldy or lumps can not be used. The wood chips of broad-leaved trees with loose texture and accumulated for more than half a year are the best. The second is to mix evenly, to achieve "three evenness" (that is, material evenness, water evenness, pH value evenness). Third, after mixing the material, the water content of the culture material should be tested to reach 60%-65%.

Bag cultivation requirements are generally 15 cm × 30 cm or 17 cm × 33 cm polypropylene plastic bags, each bag of dry material 0.3 kg 0.35 kg. Put the material in the bag and cover it with a ring and cover with Shanghai cotton cover.

Complete sterilization of cultivation materials can be divided into atmospheric pressure sterilization and barrel pressure sterilization. The atmospheric pressure sterilization is kept at 100℃ for 14 hours, and the autoclave sterilization is maintained at 1.5kg / square centimeter pressure for 2 hours. Disinfection and sterilization must be thorough, otherwise the pollution of miscellaneous bacteria is serious, which will lead to a reduction in production or even no harvest.

Inoculation culture materials after sterilization, the temperature of the materials dropped to about 30 ℃ before inoculation. Vaccination should be carried out in the vaccination box. The following points should be done when inoculation: first, after the cultivation material is put into the inoculation box, the space is disinfected with formaldehyde and potassium permanganate fumigation, the dosage is 10 milliliters of formaldehyde and 7 grams of potassium permanganate per square meter of space. mixed airtight fumigation for 30 minutes before inoculation. Second, the vaccinator's hands and vaccination tools should be wiped with 75% alcohol, vaccination should be carried out above the alcohol lamp flame, and the action should be fast. Third, increasing the amount of inoculation properly during inoculation is beneficial to the germination of mycelium. The cultivation is carried out indoors, and the arrangement of cultivation materials can be divided into two ways: single-layer vertical discharge and wall discharge. After the row, it is best to sprinkle some lime powder on the lid to reduce pollution. The culture room should be ventilated, the temperature should be kept at 23 ℃ ~ 28 ℃, and it should be shaded. After 50-60 days of culture, the hyphae could grow to the bottom of the bag.

Mushroom management when the mycelium grows full of bags, the ring can be removed, the mouth of the bag can be straightened, and the old bacteria can be dug out. If you go out of the mushroom farm, you can build a sunshade either indoors or outdoors. The mushroom bags can also be stacked on the wall or discharged upright in the mushroom field. Maintain a certain amount of scattered light after discharge, spray water once or twice a day to make the air humidity reach 86%-95%, depending on the weather, spray more on sunny days, spray less on cloudy days, and do not spray on rainy days. At the same time, pay attention to ventilation, so as not to produce deformed mushrooms.

After 15-20 days' management, the fruit body can be harvested when 80% of the fruit body is mature. When harvesting, in order to make tea mushrooms in good shape and high commodity value, it is best to harvest once in the morning and in the afternoon. After harvest, let the bacteria bag stop water for 10 days, and then continue to spray water management, the second batch of mushrooms will be produced later. Generally, 3-4 batches of mushrooms can be harvested.