Seedling Techniques of Picea koraiensis

I. attributes and uses

Red spruce is also known as "red skin smelly". Pinaceae, evergreen trees, up to 30 m high. Branchlets hairy or glabrous, without powdery. Leaves quadrangular, with stomatal lines on all sides, hair tip pointed, 1.2 cm-2.2 cm long. Cone ovate cylindrical or long ovate cylindrical, 5 cm-8 cm long; seed scales Obovate, tip rounded or pointed, the exposed part is smooth, no longitudinal lines, is the main tree species in the forest from Changbai Mountain to Xiaoxinganling in Northeast China. It is also distributed in North Korea and eastern Siberia in Russia. The wood is light, soft and meticulous, which can be used for construction, furniture, papermaking and other materials, as well as ornamental trees.

2. Cutting seedling raising method

Cutting time should be in the early spring after the new shoots, cut 15 cm long cuttings, cutting in the plastic greenhouse. In order to increase the ground temperature, horse dung can be padded under the bed to maintain the ground temperature of 25 ℃-35 ℃. The humidity is about 90%. The plastic shed should be tightly covered and should not be opened frequently so as not to reduce the humidity. When the seedlings were dipped in 1000 μ g / g indole butyric acid hormone and ABT rooting powder No. 1, the rooting effect was better.

3. Seedling raising techniques

1. Seed treatment. Using the "snow storage method" to bury seeds, that is, first select a place where the groundwater level is low and the back is overcast and leeward, and dig a storage pit with a depth of 80 cm, depending on the number of seeds. The pit had better be dug in the autumn of the previous year, between January and February, spread 10 cm-15 cm thick snow at the bottom of the pit, and then press 1:2 or 1:3 to mix the seeds with the snow, stir well and put into the pit. After filling, use snow to form a mound shape, covered with grass curtains and other things. The seeds were taken out about 1 week before the sowing season, mixed with wet sand, germinated at a room temperature of about 15 ℃ for 5 days, watered when the sand was dry, and turned twice a day. When there was a 20% Mel 30% seed crack, the seeds could be sown.

2. Sow seeds. The method of sowing without covering soil was adopted. First, do a good job of the nursery bed according to the requirements, and do not hit the bottom water to cuddle with a rake on the wet bed surface to form a flat and uniform strip convex and concave surface. In order to facilitate sowing, before sowing, mix the sand mixture with an appropriate amount of dry sand and stir it evenly before sowing. When sowing, do with sowing, with suppression (wood rolling), curtain and watering, so that the seeds are in close contact with the soil. Before the seedlings come out, always water frequently, in line with the principle of "a small number of times", always keep the bed moist.

Practice has proved that sowing without covering soil is faster and more uniform than sowing with soil. Generally, seedlings can emerge 8 days after sowing, and seedlings can emerge in 15 days-20 days. 80% of the seedlings can emerge in 20 days-25 days, and seedling lodging has never occurred. According to statistics, the seedling yield of uncovered sowing is higher than that of sowing without covering soil, which is generally 22% higher, and some are 2-3 times higher.

3. Seedling management. When the emergence of seedlings reaches more than 60%, remove the Reed curtain, so that the seedlings are all exposed to light, and if there is no high temperature and drought, full-light seedlings have been carried out all the time, which is better than long-term shading, making the seedlings sturdy, well-developed roots and strong disaster resistance. In order to prevent the damage of late frost, water should be watered before the arrival of cold air to increase the heat capacity of the soil. If the freezing injury occurs, it can be watered before the sun comes out, so that the seedlings form icicles, and then gradually melt, the freezing injury can be lifted.

In the seedling growth period, in line with the principle of "a small number of times", regular and quantitative watering, especially in the dry climate, can not be watered "horse racing water". Mechanical watering should use high pressure, fine sprinkler and fast valve to prevent water from washing seedlings. After the seedlings come out, loosen the soil and weed in time to avoid weeds competing for water and fertilizer and promote the growth of seedlings. In order to prevent sunburn, you can use an electric contact mercury thermometer to connect the sunburn alarm and set the thermometer to 36 ℃. When the surface temperature reaches 36 ℃, it should be watered immediately.

In the aspect of prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, we should adopt the methods of regulating the ecological environment and restricting the spread of diseases and insect pests, in addition to seed disinfection, we should strictly prevent disasters caused by non-infectious ecological factors from being mistaken for the transmission of pathogens. The infectious diseases can be solved by regulating ecological factors such as water, fertilizer, air, heat and light, so as to prevent chemicals from polluting the environment, so that the seedlings can develop well and have strong resistance to diseases and insect pests.