High Light efficiency Tree shape Transformation Technology of Kernel Apricot

In the areas where kernel apricot is cultivated, we find that due to the influence of traditional habits, most fruit growers do not prune or prune irrationally, each tree has an average of 8 to 10 large branches, the shape of the tree is chaotic, the proportion of complete flowers is low, the fruiting part moves out, the crown is closed, and the lower small fruit branches die prematurely due to shading, resulting in late fruiting, low yield and poor quality of kernel apricot. Therefore, high light efficiency tree transformation must be carried out in order to improve quality and increase efficiency.

High Light efficiency Tree structure of Kernel Apricot

After several years of exploration and practice, we think that the apricot tree with high light efficiency should be a natural happy shape, and its structure and characteristics are as follows: no central stem, stem height 60-80 cm, 4-6 main branches on the trunk, the base angle of the main branch is 45-50 degrees, and the fruiting branch group is equipped directly on the main branch. This kind of tree has good ventilation and light transmission, high and stable yield and three-dimensional fruit.

Technical key points of tree transformation with high light efficiency

Winter pruning

1. Thinning branches. First of all, the central branch and internal chamber cross branch should be removed, and then the canopy closed branch, overlapping branch, disease and insect branch, erect branch on the back and superfluous big branch should be removed. When thinning big branches, it should be carried out in different years, and 1-2 branches should be removed every year to avoid causing too many wounds and affecting the tree potential in one year, and transform the tree into a natural happy shape in 2 ~ 3 years. The protective post should be left when removing the big branch, the cutting edge should be smooth and smooth, and then the wound healing agent should be applied. In addition, it is necessary to remove dead branches, weak branches and peripheral branches that affect ventilation and light transmission, and remove the groups of upper and lower dorsal branches of outer branches and inner bore branches, so that the fruiting branches are reasonably and evenly distributed on both sides of the main branches.

2. Make full use of the growing branches. Try to preserve and make use of the overgrown branches and new shoots from the inner chamber of the crown. Through continuous coring or pruning in the growing season, it is branched into clusters of fruit branches or cultured into fruiting branches to enrich the inner chamber. It can also be cut short year after year and cultivated into new main and lateral branches for renewal.

3. Update and retract the result branch group. In the full fruit period, we should increase the degree of short cut, so that all kinds of branches continue to rejuvenate, promote growth and form new branches. In the fruiting branch group, after a few years, the vigor of the fruiting branch was weakened and the fruiting part moved outward, so it should be retracted to the robust branch to rejuvenate the branch group, enhance the branch potential, or retract and renew from the base, promote the new branch, re-culture the fruiting branch group, and maintain the exuberant fruiting life.

4. Renew the string fruiting branches. After six or seven years of continuous fruiting, the short branches are weak and the fruiting amount is reduced, and the slight retraction can not rejuvenate the branches, but can be retracted to about 10 cm at the base to promote the latent bud sprouting to grow branches and re-cultivate string fruit branches.

Second, summer pruning

1. Except sprouting. After thinning the big branches, for the sprouting occurred at the cutting mouth, the unsuitable position and excessive number of young branches should be removed in time, so as to reduce the nutrient consumption and make the tree ventilated and transparent; the overgrown branches in the right position should be cultivated and fully utilized after transformation.

2. Pick the heart and cut the tip. In the growing season, the overgrown branches with suitable position in the inner chamber of the crown and the upright mediocre branches on the back were coring or pruning to promote the development of new branches and cultivate new branches. For long fruit branches, heart picking can control growth, promote branch nutrient accumulation, improve flower bud plumpness, increase the proportion of complete flowers, and delay the outward movement of fruiting parts.

3. Other branches and thinning branches. After the middle and late May, the long shoots other than the elongated shoots of the main and lateral branches, especially the long shoots on the back of the inner chamber, can control the elongated growth of the branches and promote the formation of flower buds in the lower part of the branches. When there is no space for the apprentice to grow branches, too dense branches should be thinned in time.

In addition, the transformation of high light efficiency of kernel apricot must be combined with measures such as strengthening fertilizer and water management and doing a good job in pest control in order to maintain the tree potential of strong prosperity, high quality and stable yield.