High yield technique of mixed Culture of Fish in format Pond

0. Introduction

The mixed culture technology of fish lotus root in the format pond is to divide the hardened lotus root pond into 2-4m2 compartments, and plant the lotus root in the grid, with an average yield of 5000 kg per mu of water surface and 400-450kg of fish, with a net benefit of more than 10, 000 yuan per mu. This technology can make use of barren pits, barren beaches, river beaches and scattered corners to build mixed culture of pond fish and lotus root, which has the characteristics of small investment, low cost, quick effect and high benefit, and is suitable for the development of thousands of rural households. It can not only increase economic income, but also improve market supply and enrich urban and rural vegetable baskets, so it has a very broad promotion prospect. The technical experience of Ningyang County Water Bureau in testing and popularizing 35 villages in Heshan Township is introduced as follows.

1. Technical principle

The lotus root pond was divided into several small squares, which greatly increased the area of the hard wall in the pond, and the whipping of lotus root was the result that the expansion began to accumulate nutrition when it ran into the hard wall. The area of the hard wall increased greatly and the yield of lotus root increased naturally.

2. Conditions and infrastructure of lotus root pond

2.1 selection of lotus root ponds

Barren beaches, waterlogged depressions, waste pits and old lotus root ponds inside and outside the village can be used. As far as possible, choose places with convenient transportation, good water sources, no pollution, convenient drainage and irrigation, and no tall buildings or shade around to build lotus root ponds.

2.2 Lotus pond construction

Lotus root pond construction can be divided into several types:

(1) single brick wall isolation type

(2) House tile isolation type of lime concrete structure

(3) plastic film bottom room tile isolation type, as well as plastic sheet and cement board isolation type. In general, the area of lotus root pond is 1-3 mu, the best is 1-1.5 mu, and the pond depth is 0.8-1.2 m. After the pond is built, backfill 35-40cm thick fertile soil as the growth layer of lotus root, and apply basic fertilizer, then divide the house tile, cement board, plastic board, gypsum asbestos tile or other hard board into a 2-4m2 compartment, the partition is buried in the soil 40cm, higher than the ground 20cm, the height of the partition is 60-70cm, the lotus root pond is cross-set into the drain, installed with fish net, and set "-" or "+" fish ditch in the pond, fish ditch width 1.Om. Depth 0.5-1.Om, accounting for about 15% of the pool area. Practice has proved that the yield of lotus root is low, although the square is small, the one-time input is larger, but the yield is very high.

2.3 Application of sufficient base fertilizer

Lotus root likes big fertilizer, rich backfill and manure is the key to obtain high yield of lotus root, fertilization should be based on basic fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. Use fully fermented organic fertilizer 2000kg, ammonium sulfate 10-15kg, urea 5-10kg, potassium nitrate 3-7kg, calcium superphosphate 5-1Okg. Chemical fertilizer should be sprinkled with water to avoid throwing fish ditches directly so as not to harm fish. After applying base fertilizer, the whole pond was evenly sprinkled with 50kg lime pulp per mu to improve the soil, increase the amount of calcium fertilizer, adjust the pH of the pond mud, and kill the disease at the same time.

3. Cultivation of lotus root in pond

3.1 species of lotus root selection

It is appropriate to choose fresh, sturdy, buds, fine, disease-free and injury-free white lotus root as seed. Each plant had better have three complete lotus roots with 1-2 seed lotus roots. Seed lotus root can also be used as seed, but the seed lotus root should be stout, with at least 2 or more fully mature lotus roots and complete terminal buds. The lotus root seeds can be soaked in 20mg/kg 's neoacetic acid and propagated with plastic film. After 15 days, the lotus root can be put on the market earlier and the yield can be increased by more than 15%.

3.2 planting time

Planting when the temperature rises to more than 12 ℃-15 ℃. If the temperature is low too early, the lotus root is easy to rot; if the bud grows too late, it is easy to break. Shandong Province is generally suitable for planting before and after the Qingming Festival.

3.3 method and dosage

First of all, the soil and manure in the lotus root pond are ploughed evenly and raked fine, and then planted lotus root. Planting lotus root in the pond uses 1 branch of seed lotus root or 2 branches of seed lotus root per 2m2, with a general seed amount of 320-380kg per mu. The end of the bud of the planted lotus root is slightly lower, and the rear part is slightly warped, tilting 20-30 degrees and 5-8cm above the ground plane, which is exactly the depth of the first water entry.

4. Fish species release fish

4.1 stocking time

Generally, when the water temperature is stable at 8 ℃-10 ℃, it can be released. When releasing the fingerling of leather-bearded catfish, it should not be released until the water temperature is above 15 ℃.

4.2 stocking species

Generally speaking, all the fish that can be cultured in the pond can be cultured in the lotus root field, mainly grass, silver carp, bighead carp, common carp, crucian carp, bream and so on. In addition, fast-growing fish such as catfish and Pengze crucian carp are good objects for lotus root field culture. It is better to raise leather-bearded catfish alone. Due to the poor light, low temperature and less plankton in the water surface of lotus root field, filter-feeding silver carp and bighead carp should not be selected.

4.3 stocking density

According to fish species, stocking specifications, water quality and water source status and management level, 200-300 large size fish species and 600-800 leather beard catfish species / mu are generally released.

4.4 collocation proportion

The stocking proportion of fish species is generally grass carp 70%, carp 15%, silver carp and bighead carp 5%, other 10%; or carp 70%, grass carp 15%, silver carp 10%, bighead carp 5%. Gehu catfish and Pengze crucian carp are suitable for monoculture. It is worth noting that two pieces of lotus root grow. Ten years ago, large grass carp species could not be released to prevent grass carp from eating lotus root leaves.

5. Management technology

5.1 Water level regulation

In spring, in order to increase the water temperature and ground temperature, the water should be shallower, which can be kept at about 10cm, and then gradually deepen with the increase of water temperature, and the water depth of fish ditch can reach 0.8-1.Om. The way of less quantity and more times should be taken when injecting water in order to maintain good water quality.

5.2 reasonable topdressing

When the lotus leaves are full, apply ammonium sulfate 10-15kg per mu, or urea 5-1Okg. When the termination leaves appeared, urea 5-1Okg, superphosphate 1Okg or potassium fertilizer 20kg were applied per mu.

5.3 weeding and picking leaves

In the growth process of lotus root, especially in the early growth stage, there are many weeds, which need to be removed in time. In the middle of management, we should also often thinning leaves and breaking too many buds to make the sun penetrate into the water.

5.4 Feed feeding

In order to make fish grow rapidly and obtain higher yield, artificial formula feed must be fed reasonably. When breeding leather-bearded catfish, they should be fed with animal offal, such as chicken intestines, to ensure that fish can eat fresh, high-quality and adequate feed in time.

5.5 Disease control

Lotus root diseases mainly include rot, leaf blight, brown spot and so on. Rot: putting an appropriate amount of quicklime into the pond before cultivation can play a preventive role, or 80% of Dysen zinc wettable powder 600-800 times solution can be directly sprayed. Leaf blight: 50% topiramate 800 times solution was sprayed at the initial stage of the disease, followed by 2-3 times. Brown spot: prevention and treatment of eclampsia in the same leaf. The main diseases and insect pests are aphids, twill moths, maggots, etc., which can be sprayed at night with 1000 times solution of 90% crystal trichlorfon.