A Survey of the Development of ornamental Fisheries

I. the Development of ornamental Fisheries in China

1. The development history of ornamental fishery in China.

Our country is the hometown of goldfish. Goldfish has been raised among the people in China for more than 2000 years. It was introduced into the West at the beginning of the 16th century and was favored by European and American countries. It is called "Oriental Holy Fish". Goldfish has become a worldwide species and plays an important role in ornamental fish.

2. the present situation of the development of ornamental fishery in China.

The rapid development of ornamental fish in China began in the late 1980s and early 1990s. At present, two major ornamental fish production bases in the south-east coast and Beijing have been formed. The area of ornamental fish culture in Beijing has exceeded 12000 mu, which is concentrated in Tongzhou and Chaoyang districts, with an annual output of about 150 million ornamental fish, and a large-scale ornamental fish trading market, forming a large-scale ornamental fish industry belt. The ornamental fish industry in Tianjin also has a long history. The ornamental fish market located in Dongxing overpass in Tianjin has a great influence in Beijing, Tianjin and the "three north" areas. there are more than 300 trading varieties and more than 350 trading stalls with an annual trading volume of more than 100 million yuan.

The ornamental fish industry in other parts of China is also developing rapidly. The area of goldfish culture in Houji Town, Zhenping County, Henan Province is more than 4000 mu, with more than 80 species, with an annual turnover of more than 30 million yuan. Alone, the average income of farmers is more than 15 million yuan. In addition, the town also has 4700 square meters of ornamental gardens, displaying more than 120 valuable varieties. Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province has built six ornamental fish culture bases on a scale of about 100mu, with an annual output of about 80 million ornamental fish, accounting for nearly 60% of the city's total output. Products are exported to Singapore, Malaysia, the United States, Australia, Spain and other countries a total of about 10 million, domestic sales of about 80 million, advantageous to promote the income and employment of local farmers. In 2004, the total output value of ornamental fish and its related industries in the Pearl River Delta has reached more than 10 billion yuan. In addition, the ornamental fishery industry in the surrounding areas of large and medium-sized cities such as Shanghai, Nanjing and Chengdu has also developed to a considerable scale, which has become a new way to expand the local aquaculture field and promote farmers' income and employment.

3. Economy and trade of ornamental fishery in China.

Due to the restriction of geographical factors and traditional technology, goldfish is still the main ornamental fishery in China at present, but the brocade carp aquaculture industry introduced and tried out more than ten years ago has also formed a certain scale, with an annual output of about 400000; in recent years, the number of tropical fish and rare and precious species introduced and cultured from abroad has also increased to more than 150. In recent years, the aquaculture industry of ornamental turtles and ornamental aquatic plants in China is also developing in the direction of specialization. Yuanhua Town, Haining City, Zhejiang Province, has built a large-scale ornamental turtle breeding base, introducing and trying to raise more than 40 species of ornamental turtles at home and abroad; in addition, nearly 30 species of ornamental aquatic plants have been introduced.

China's ornamental fish aquaculture industry is mainly export-oriented, and goldfish is our traditional export product. Guangdong and Shanghai are the two major ports for the export of ornamental fish in China. From 1977 to 1986, the average annual export volume of ornamental fish in China was about 500000 US dollars. After 1987, it increased rapidly, with an average annual increase of 29.4%. Since 1993, a large number of species have been imported. But on the whole, the trade volume of ornamental fish in China is still small. In terms of weight, the world imported 10832 tons and exported 13571 tons in 1999. In that year, China's imports were 17 tons, accounting for 0.16%; exports were 460 tons, accounting for 3.4%; imports were US $224000, and exports were US $2.322 million, accounting for 0.09% and 1.4% of the world's imports and exports, respectively. At present, China exports about 100 million ornamental fish annually, accounting for about 10% of the world trade volume of ornamental fish.

4. The reasons for the lag of the development of ornamental fishery in China.

China's ornamental fishery started early and its development lags behind. The main reasons are as follows: first, for a long time, the main energy of fishery relevant departments is to solve the problem of "difficult to eat fish", and they do not attach importance to leisure fishery in its due position. They even treat it as a sideline of "not doing proper work". They do not put energy into scientific research and production management at all, and lack effective support. It only depends on the folk spontaneous and free exploration and development. Second, the formal fishery research departments do not pay due attention to the scientific research work of ornamental fishery, and the scientific research work is not enough, so that there is basically no progress in the cultivation of high-grade special types, characteristics, characteristics and characteristics, and the production is mainly based on the introduction of varieties; third, there is a lack of professional industry organizations, internal experience exchange and professional development plan research is not enough. Fourth, the construction of ornamental fish culture lags behind, the research, summary and development of the cultural history of ornamental fish are not enough, a strong cultural atmosphere has not been formed, and pets such as cats and dogs have not entered thousands of households.

II. General situation of ornamental Fisheries in the World

It is reported that the first people in the world to raise ornamental fish were the Sumerians of Babylon in 2500 BC, and it was not until about the 18th century that Europe began to raise ornamental fish. Nowadays, raising ornamental fish in aquariums has spread all over the world, and it has become a leisure fashion, with tens of millions of consumers and thousands of breeding species, and there are still a large number of varieties and artificially cultivated new varieties. It can be said that the development of each type of ornamental fish is the result of long-term cultural exchanges and trade exchanges.

Ornamental fish in the world can be divided into five categories: goldfish, koi, tropical fish, ornamental turtles and ornamental plants. There are more than 1600 species of ornamental fish in trade, of which 50% are freshwater species and 50% are seawater species. But the annual trading volume of seawater varieties accounts for only about 20% of the total trading volume. From 1977 to 1984, the annual import of ornamental fish in the world was only about 50 million US dollars. Since 1985, it has continued to rise by a large margin, reaching 337 million US dollars in 1994. At the same time, the export volume has also been increasing, reaching 207 million US dollars in 1996. Since then, the annual import and export volume has declined. At present, the annual import volume is about 242 million US dollars and the export value is about 169 million US dollars.

In terms of imports, the United States, the European Union and Japan are the three largest ornamental fish markets in the world. The marine species mainly come from the Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, the Caribbean, Kenya, Mauritius and coastal countries of the Red Sea, while the freshwater species mainly come from Southeast Asian countries and regions. Singapore and Hong Kong, China are the main suppliers. Among the exports of ornamental fish, Asia ranks first, accounting for more than 50% of the export volume, of which artificially cultivated freshwater ornamental fish account for 80%, wild marine ornamental fish account for 15%, and wild freshwater ornamental fish account for 5%. Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands are the main exporters of freshwater ornamental fish in Europe, and France and Italy are the main exporters of marine ornamental fish. African countries account for only about 2% of global exports.

Singapore is the largest exporter of ornamental fish, accounting for 8.5 per cent of the world's annual supply, followed by Malaysia, accounting for 6.3 per cent. Malaysia mainly supplies freshwater, Indonesia, the Philippines and other countries mainly supply sea water, and the emerging countries in the Asia-Pacific region include China and India. Japan is also a country with a large volume of ornamental fish culture and export, mainly goldfish and brocade carp, and now earns hundreds of millions of dollars a year from goldfish alone. At present, about 14% of households in the UK keep ornamental fish and need more than 140 million ornamental fish a year.