Cultivation, harvest and processing methods of Lycium barbarum

Chinese wolfberry is not only a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, but also a tonic, which has the effects of nourishing kidney, moistening lung, tonifying liver and eyesight. It is a good medicine for treating liver and kidney yin deficiency, sore waist and knees, dizziness, teariness, fatigue cough, spermatorrhea and other diseases. In recent years, it is also used to make sugar, wine, cans, beverages and other health food, and it is also the main raw material for the production of proprietary Chinese medicine such as "Qiju Dihuang pills". Its use is more and more extensive, the sales volume is increasing day by day, and the prospect of planting Chinese wolfberry in places with conditions is broad.

Chinese wolfberry is mainly produced in Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, * *, Inner Mongolia, Hebei and other places, but the quality of Chinese wolfberry produced in Ningxia is the best, so it is known as "tribute fruit".

Chinese wolfberry tree is a shrub, 3-5 feet high, slender branches, apex usually contracture drooping, axillary leaves with short spines. Leaves alternate, several clustered, leaves very short, leaf blade ovate round or ovate-lanceolate. Flowers purplish red or pink, solitary or several fascicled, pedicel fine, oval or oval, red or orange, fruit seeds oblong.

First, cultivation methods: hillsides, wastelands, fields, courtyards and other sunny dry places can be planted. The requirements for soil are not strict, but sandy loam is the best, and low-lying areas with stagnant water are not suitable for planting. Lycium barbarum (tree) is very adaptable and cold-tolerant, and the aboveground seedlings will not freeze to death at minus 21 ℃, alkali-tolerant and drought-intolerant.

Second, propagation methods: seed propagation is the main method, followed by cutting and ramet propagation.

Seed reproduction: the germination rate is about 60%. After soaking the dried fruit in water for 1 to 2 days, the seeds are selected and dried in the sun. In the late March of the lunar calendar, sowing at 17: 20 ℃, sowing in shallow trenches, ditch depth 3: 5 minutes, ditch distance 30cm, seed amount per mu 0.75~1kg, seeds mixed with fire or sand scattered evenly into the ditch, covered soil 2-3 minutes, watering immediately after trampling, seedling emergence about 7 days after sowing, pay attention to weeding and loosening soil after emergence, remove overdense and fine seedlings from time to time, so as to make the seedlings grow strong. The seedlings sown in the same year were transplanted in the spring of the second year.

Cutting propagation: the temperature is about 18-20 ℃. Before the plant germinates, select 1-year-old new branches, cut into 12~15cm long branches, obliquely cut into the seedbed, keep the seedbed moist, and the survival rate can reach 90%.

Ramet propagation: it is planted with young plants with buds from the mother plant. Transplanting can be carried out before and after Qingming Festival in spring and in the rainy season from July to August, but transplanting in spring is the best. When planting, dig the 120~150cm deep hole, put the seedlings in the pit, make the roots stretch, then cover the soil and step on it, and immediately water it to ensure survival, planting 500,600 plants per mu.

Third, field management: after planting, weeds should be weeded frequently, the weather is dry, and should be watered frequently. Before sprouting and growing in spring and after fruit harvest, in order to make the plant grow healthily, we should combine watering, loosening soil, weeding and applying sufficient fertilizer. The soil moisture should be sufficient at flowering and fruiting stage, otherwise the fruit will not be good. It rains a lot in spring and summer, but it doesn't water. When the branches are too dense to walk, one (old tree) can be removed and planted in another field every other tree. Before sprouting in spring, unfruitful and withered branches should be cut off so as not to consume nutrients and affect fruit yield.

Fourth, pest prevention and control:

The disease is black fruit disease, especially in the rainy season. Prevention and treatment: spray Bordeaux liquid before the rainy season (1-1-1-120).

The pests are Chinese wolfberry golden flower insect and Chinese wolfberry fruit fly, which are harmful in the fruiting period.

Prevention and control methods:

(1) spraying trichlorfon 0.5kg with water 400~500kg during the adult occurrence period of Chrysoptera and fruit fly.

(2) the soil was treated with 6% BHC powder solution before adult emergence in May, about 1.5kg per mu.

(3) pick maggots and mix them with BHC powder.

Fifth, harvest and processing: between Grain in Beard and the Autumn Equinox from June to September. Pick ripe fruit, dry or cool in the sun, should not be exposed to the sun, so as not to be too dry, affecting the quality, the skin has been dried and the fruit is soft. When it rains for a long time in summer, you can use a fine fire to dry the storage tank.