Lycium barbarum trunk layering type shaping and pruning method

Chinese wolfberry alias western Chinese wolfberry, mountain Chinese wolfberry, white gooseberry, Chinese wolfberry thorn, etc., are Solanaceae plants. Ningxia Qi Li is called "Chinese wolfberry" with its fruit in medicine, and its root skin is called "ground bone bark". Chinese wolfberry has the function of nourishing liver and kidney, benefiting Jingming and eyesight, and the bark of ground bone has the function of removing dampness and cooling blood. Chinese wolfberry is mainly produced in Ningxia, in addition, Hebei, Gansu, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and other places are also produced, which are famous at home and abroad. Lycium barbarum has strong branching ability, luxuriant growth, blossom and fruiting twice a year, and grows fast, and it can enter the full fruit period after 5 years. The shape of the tree gradually weakened after 30 years, and the tree potential aged after 40 years, so reasonable shaping and pruning began to age after 20 years, so reasonable shaping and pruning is an important measure for high and stable yield of Lycium barbarum. According to the growth practice for many years, the main characteristics and trunk stratified shaping and pruning methods of Lycium barbarum are introduced as follows.

1 main characteristics of Lycium barbarum L.

Lycium barbarum is more cold-resistant, drought-tolerant, saline-alkali-tolerant, adaptable and not restricted by temperature, soil quality and topography. Sex likes sunshine, although it can grow in shady environment, but the fruit yield is low; it likes water and fertilizer, but it is better to use fertile neutral sandy loam soil with good drainage, and paddy fields and low-lying flooded land are not suitable for planting. Seed propagation is the main method, and cutting and ramet propagation can also be used.

(2) the technique of layered shaping and pruning of Lycium barbarum trunk.

The purpose of shaping and pruning is to cultivate a tree shape with stable, full garden and large fruiting surface, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, adjust the relationship between fruit and growth, and achieve high yield year after year. Through the production practice, it is proved that the shaping and pruning method of "trunk stratification" is the most ideal for Lycium barbarum. The tree height is 1.5 li 2.0 meters, the average diameter of the crown is 1.6 meters, the main branches are distributed in three layers on the central leading trunk, and there is a certain distance between each layer. the tree structure is good, the management is convenient, and it can bear fruit earlier.

2.1 shaping of young trees

2.1.1 cut the top and set the stem at a height of about 60 cm above the ground in spring after planting.

2.1.2 after the main branch of the first layer was fixed, five evenly distributed 3mure branches were selected from the new lateral branches (or the original lateral branches) which occurred in the range of 10mur20cm under the cut mouth as the main branches of the crown of the first layer. In the autumn or summer of that year, the main branches are cut according to 10ml 20cm long and cut short, and new lateral branches can be sent out on the main branches in the next spring. For those with prosperous growth, they can be topped at 20ml 30cm in summer and autumn, and the weak branches can be thinned properly. In the third year, the new lateral branches are generally not cut short, so that they are gradually expanded to enrich the first layer of the crown.

2.1.3 in the second year after the cultivation of the second layer of main branches, one of the upright branches from the upper part of the trunk was selected as the extended trunk, and the top was cut at a height of 120 cm above the ground. among the side branches that occurred from the top, 5 were left as the main branches of the second crown.

2.1.4 in the third year after planting the main branch of the third layer, one of the upright overgrown branches in the center of the second layer crown (top) was selected as the trunk, and the top was cut at a height of about 160 cm above the ground, and 5 of the new side branches near the top were selected as the main branches of the third layer crown.

Within 6 years after planting, the main purpose is to expand and enrich the crown and trunk of each layer to grow sturdily, so as to prepare for a large number of fruits. During this period, over-dense branches and over-growing branches should be controlled, thinning, topping or short cutting.

2.2 pruning of adult trees

Adult trees refer to Chinese wolfberry trees that have begun to bear a large number of fruits after growing for 5-6 years. Pruning can be carried out in spring, summer, autumn and winter, mainly by constantly renewing fruiting branches to achieve high and stable yield.

2.2.1 Spring pruning cuts off withered branches, cross branches and root sprouting branches from sprouting to the initial stage of new branch growth.

2.2.2 Summer pruning is carried out from May to June, cutting off those overgrown branches, over-dense branches, weak branches and disease and insect branches that do not need to be retained on the trunk or side branches, so as to reduce nutrient consumption and promote fruit growth and development. However, the empty or bald branches in the crown should be retained and trimmed when they reach the desired height.

2.2.3 Autumn and Winter pruning is carried out from August to November. Remove the overgrown branches sprouting from the base of the main branch, cut off the upright growing branches at the top of the crown to maintain a certain height, and remove the old and weak branches in the inner hall of the crown to enhance the ventilation and permeability of the inner hall of the crown. Pruning the branches around the crown, cutting off old and weak branches, transverse branches, disease and insect branches, overgrown branches, needling branches, etc., and pruning some old branches, selecting strong fruiting branches (including "seven-inch branches" and "old eye branches") to lay a good foundation for high yield in the following year.