Study on High-yield cultivation techniques of Lycium barbarum L. in Korea

1 Variety characteristics

Korean wolfberry is big, red, thick meat, soft texture, sugar content of 11.3%, 3.3%~4.3% higher than Ningxia wolfberry. It has wide adaptability, tolerance to drought, sterility and low temperature, and has the advantages of early fruiting, high yield, excellent quality, short cycle and quick effect.

2 Cultivation techniques

2.1 Fine soil preparation. apply sufficient base fertilizer

Lycium barbarum has a wide adaptability and is not strict with soil requirements, but it should be avoided as far as possible to plant on low-lying plots. Generally, the soil preparation is fine from late February to early March, and organic fertilizer 1.125 t/hm2 or special fertilizer for wolfberry 0.600~ 0.675 t/hm2 is applied as base fertilizer.

2.2 Planting method and density

Adopt vertical frame close planting cultivation. Generally, the vertical cement column is 1200~1500/hm2, and there are 2 iron wires between the cement columns to facilitate the fixation of wolfberry branches. Before planting, the branches of Lycium barbarum were cut into 12cm long branches, and planted before and after hibernation. The row spacing was 80cm, the plant spacing was 35~40cm, and the planting density was about 5.325 million hm2.

2.3 field management

2.3.1 After planting, before budding, after cutting, pay attention to spraying sulfur mixture, strong rooting and seedling agent and abamectin once before budding, when the branches are green, so as to promote root and seedling, prevent mites, powdery mildew, black fruit disease and anthracnose, etc.

2.3.2 After tree culture seedlings survive, leave a branch growing vigorously as the central stem. When the plant height is 60 cm, remove the core and promote the germination of lateral branches. Select 3~5 lateral branches evenly within 10~15cm of the lower end of the core according to different directions, and remove all other lateral branches. When the lateral branches grow to 10~15 cm, remove the core again and promote the germination of secondary branches. At the same time, select a vigorous regeneration branch (excessive branch) at the top of the trunk as the central trunk, top at a position 25cm higher than the crown, and cultivate the second layer of main branches to bear fruit. In the 2nd and 3rd a, the third and fourth layers of fruiting branches are cultured according to the above methods, and generally 5 layers of main branches are reserved. Note that the 1a leaves 3 - 5 branches, the 2a does not exceed 15 branches, the 3a does not exceed 20 branches, and the soft rope is used to assist in climbing to control the excessive growth of branches and seedlings.

2.3.3 tree pruning

2.3.3.1 Dormancy pruning. (1)Clear base. (2) Cutting off the sprouting long branches at the base; Cut off the erect leggy branches growing in the crown. However, for the crown with insufficient height or vacancy, this kind of long branch can be used to top, so as to achieve the purpose of filling empty;(3) clearing the bore. Cut off the over-dense fruit branches in the crown and the old and weak branches with no fruit or less fruit;(4) trim the fence. Cut off horizontal stripes, needle branches and over-dense branches, cut and rejuvenate the old and weak fruit branch groups, and withdraw the crown if it is too large;(5) cut off the bottom. Remove all branches below 30cm near the ground.

2.3.3.2 Summer pruning. (1)At the beginning of May, wipe off or cut off the new buds sprouting from the rhizome, trunk, bore and top of the plant, and cut off the dry branches in the canopy;(2) cut off the useless excessive branches sprouted from the plant and canopy in time from the middle of May to the middle of July, and at the same time cut off the excessive branches in the middle and upper part of the canopy in late June, top the middle branches and strong fruiting branches to promote the second layer of branches to bear fruit.

2.3.4 timely topdressing in June, timely topdressing fruit fertilizer, application of 3-element compound fertilizer (content more than 14%)150kg/hm, and at the same time cultivating and weeding. After the middle of June, foliar fertilization was carried out, and 1.50~ 2.25 kg/hm2 potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed evenly on the crown of 450kg water once every 10~15 days, and it was necessary to spray 2 ~ 3 times. Spraying foliar fertilizer once 7 days after fruit ripening, generally spraying 2~3 times to promote fruit ripening.

2.4 pest control

2.4.1 The diseases and insect pests mainly include powdery mildew, black fruit disease and anthracnose. The pests of Lycium barbarum mainly include aphids and mites. Integrated control measures should be adopted. In addition to strengthening fertilizer and field management, chemical control should be combined.

2.4.1.1 Aphids. Reasonable thinning to facilitate ventilation. Remove branches, leaves and weeds in and around the garden, and burn them outside the garden to eliminate eggs. When aphids begin to hatch in the middle of April, 25% enemicide EC 150~300mL/hm. After diluted with water and sprayed once with 300 times solution of 40% sulfur colloidal suspension, 0.6% matrine 300 times solution was sprayed at intervals of 10 days to control aphids. In the middle of May, at the initial stage of aphids, 50% pirimicarb WP 225g/hm2 was sprayed on water 450kg/hm2, and at the beginning of June, 0.6% matrine 300 times solution was sprayed once.

2.4.1.2 gall mite. According to the living habits, especially the overwintering characteristics, in the first ten days of October or 15 days before the bud opening of the next year, the whole wolfberry orchard was sprayed with 40% sulfur colloidal suspension 300 times solution to kill a large number of adult mites that had not been stung or not stung. After the adult mites were stung, 20% amitraz (Mianke) EC 1000~1500 times solution or 5% cyproterone (Nisolon) EC 2000~2500 times solution was sprayed. The control measures of rust mite and gall mite are basically the same, combining the control of gall mite and rust mite.

2.4.1.3 Black fruit disease. When wolfberry black fruit disease occurs, it can be controlled by spraying 25% Tanteling EC 1500 times.

New pesticide formulations with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue, such as abamectin, imidacloprid, cold arrow, agricultural streptomycin, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and Aiduoshou, should be popularized and used in the prevention and control of Lycium barbarum diseases and insect pests, and comprehensive prevention and control should be carried out 4~5 times a year.

2.4.2 Bird pest control fruit maturity should be timely in the garden around the net, to prevent birds eating fruit.

3 Fruit harvesting and processing

From the end of July to the end of October, 3~5 times of manual picking were carried out. Picking with fruit stalk.