Cultivation techniques of pollution-free hericium Erinaceus

First, the choice of venue. Select the environment with good ecological environment, good water quality, no toxic and harmful gases, 300m without all kinds of sewage and other pollution sources, and the environment that meets the requirements of NY5010 pollution-free cultivation.

Second, the cultivation season. Late September of that year-early January of the following year.

Third, ingredients and bottling (bagging)

1. The formula of cultivation materials. ① cottonseed hull 55%, wheat bran, sawdust, rice bran 10%, corn meal 7%, cottonseed cake 5%, calcium superphosphate 2%, gypsum 1%; ② corncob dregs 55%, wheat bran, sawdust, rice bran 10%, cornmeal, cottonseed cake 7%, gypsum 1%; ③ corncob dregs 30%, cottonseed husk 25%, wheat bran, sawdust, rice bran 10%, corn meal, cottonseed cake 7%, gypsum 1%. Seasoning to 65% water content, pH5-6.

2. Making bottles (bags). The cottonseed shell was pre-wet with equal amount of water, then mixed with other culture materials and filled with 750ml strain bottle or 14cm × 27cm × 0.0045 cm polypropylene plastic barrel bag. The material surface is pressed and flattened, and the interior is slightly loose. Loading must be completed within 6 hours.

IV. Sterilization and vaccination

1. Sterilization. High pressure (125 ℃) sterilization for 2 hours or atmospheric pressure (100 ℃) sterilization for 10 ℃ for 12 hours.

2. Inoculation. When the material temperature is below 28 ℃, put the bottle (bag) material into the inoculation box or sterile room. Put an appropriate amount of disinfectant in the inoculation box or sterile room and inoculate in airtight fumigation for 0.5 hours; each bottle of bacteria is about 50 or 35 bottles.

5. Mycelium culture

1. Culture room. It should be disinfected frequently to make it clean, dry, ventilated and shaded.

2. Training methods. ⑴ bottle planting: stacked on the wall, the bottle height does not exceed 15. ⑵ bag planting: double layers of inoculation face up.

3. Training and management. The temperature of the bacteriological room is 22 ℃, and the relative humidity of the air is 65%. Grass curtains and shading nets are used to shade the light, so that the bacteriological room is basically dark. The doors and windows are opened timely for ventilation and ventilation to keep the air fresh. Within a week after inoculation, the bad cultivation bottles (bags) are removed in time.

4. Training time. When the mycelia were cultured in the room for 25 days, the hyphae extended into the material, and the hyphae reached into the material.

VI. Uncover and cover the ring

1. Bottle planting. Take off the Kraft paper wrapped at the mouth of the bottle when the mycelium grows full.

2. Bag planting. When the mycelium is full of mycelium bags 1 / 2 or more, open the bag with a ring about 5 cm in diameter and stick closely to the material surface, and then stack the cultivation bags on the wall with a height of not more than 7.

7. Management of mushroom production. The mushroom room should be disinfected so as to be clean, ventilated and have scattered light; the mushroom temperature is 12 ℃; ground water spraying and space spray are used to keep the air humidity of the mushroom room at 90%, and the fruiting body growth stage is kept at about 85%; the scattered light is ensured to induce the formation of primordium; the air of the mushroom room is kept fresh, and grass curtains are hung on the doors and windows to prevent the wind from blowing directly.

8. Harvest. The thorn is less than 0.5ml / cm, and the suitable time for harvest is before ejecting spores. Picking method: insert the material surface from the edge of the fruit body with a cutter, cut along the material surface, remove impurities, and classify according to specifications. After harvesting, remove the impurities on the material surface, stop water and keep bacteria for 3 days, and then manage according to the requirements of mushroom production.

IX. Pest control

1. The principle of prevention and control: give priority to prevention and strict control of chemical control.

2. Prevention of main diseases: the main diseases are mold (Mucor, Neurospora, Trichoderma, Aspergillus flavus) and bacterial base rot. Prevention methods: strictly check the provenance; keep the environment clean; remove diseases in time and carry out harmless treatment; prohibit the use of chemical pesticides during mushroom production.

3. Main pest control: the main pests are mushroom flies, mushroom mosquitoes and mites. Prevention and control methods: dig ditches around the site, install screen doors and windows in the mushroom room to block the harm of pests, and prohibit the use of chemical pesticides.