Cultivation techniques for rapid growth and high yield of hericium Erinaceus

Hericium Erinaceus belongs to a kind of edible fungus with fresh flesh and delicious fragrance. In recent years, with the expansion of the artificial cultivation area of hericium Erinaceus, the yield is also increasing. Now the fast-growing and high cultivation techniques of hericium Erinaceus are introduced as follows.

1. Material selection and proportioning

Choose fresh and clean sawdust or cottonseed hull as raw materials. If the raw material is not fresh, it should be exposed to the hot sun for 2 or 3 days before use. In mass production, enough raw materials should be prepared at one time and stored in a moistureproof and well-ventilated place. Mix 65% sawdust (if sawdust is too fine, add proper amount of shavings), 30% rice bran, 5% vegetable garden soil, then weigh out 1% sugar, 0.2% urea, 0.3% ammonium nitrate, 0.5% magnesium sulfate, 2% gypsum powder, 1% calcium superphosphate, 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and stir well with water at the ratio of water = 1 ∶ 1.2% 1.3. Then add 0.01% potassium permanganate, stir it fully so that its water content reaches about 60% (there is a watermark between the fingers), and the pH value is adjusted to 5.5. 6. If cottonseed hull is used as raw material, the proportion of cottonseed hull 90%, garden soil 3%, wheat bran 5%, gypsum powder 1%, sucrose 1%, total amount of material and water is 1 ∶ 1.4.Then various ingredients are mixed and mixed evenly, the pH value is adjusted to 5.5% 6, the water content is required to hold the raw material by hand, and there are water droplets between the fingers. Do not use too much water to prevent nutrients from being lost with water. Affect the normal growth of mycelium. Those who have the conditions can be properly mixed with potato juice, bean cake water and so on, which can increase production in different degrees.

two。 Bagging and bagging

The polypropylene material film is cut into 50~60cm and wide 26cm, then folded in half and processed into a slender cylinder with a hot machine, and then sealed into a plastic bag. The edge and mouth of the bag are required to be tightly sealed to prevent bacterial infection. Then bag the mixed raw materials and compact them until they are full, then tie the mouth of the bag with string, that is, it is cylindrical, and slightly flatten it to make it slightly flat to facilitate cultivation and discharge.

3. Sterilization and inoculation

Put the packed bacteria bag into the sterilization pot for disinfection and sterilization, the sterilization time can be determined according to the pot content volume and the number of materials, general atmospheric pressure steam sterilization lasts for 6 ℃ for 8 hours, then take out and put in the cooling chamber, wait for the material temperature to drop to about 20 ℃. When inoculating, the bacteria with white mycelium, robust, vigorous growth and no miscellaneous bacteria pollution are selected and inoculated strictly in accordance with the aseptic operation rules in the aseptic room or inoculation box. The whole procedure is strict and rapid to prevent the invasion of miscellaneous bacteria. When inoculating, first open the bottle mouth of the original species (secondary expanded species), seal it with alcohol lamp flame, then untie the cultivation bag mouth, quickly take out the original seed and insert it into the cultivation bag with the inoculation hook, the inoculation amount of each bag is about 25 ~ 50g, after the seed, plug a cotton ball in the bag mouth, loose and tight properly, tie up the bag mouth, which is beneficial to the general oxygen supply and promote the healthy growth of hericium Erinaceus mycelium.

4. Cultivation and management

After inoculation, the cultivation bags were moved into the cultivation room and placed on the ground or on the angle iron shelf. the room temperature should be controlled at 25: 30 ℃. After about 30 ℃, the hyphae could grow full of bacteria bags, and the growth was slow below 12 ℃. When the temperature was higher than 33 ℃, ventilation was needed. When the hericium Erinaceus bud appeared, the room temperature could be reduced to 18: 28 ℃, but the 20: 23 ℃ had the best development and the fastest budding. When the buds grow to tumor-like protuberances, you can tear a small hole in the plastic film on the top of the buds, or unlock the bag mouth, and then lower the room temperature to 16: 18 ℃. At this time, the management should pay attention to ventilation, and open the doors and windows once a day in the morning, in the middle and in the evening, each time for about 15 minutes. The requirements for air relative humidity vary greatly from stage to stage, with 10%-20% for mycelium growth and 90%-95% for fruiting body growth. Less than 90%, slow growth, poor meat quality, small fruiting body; less than 90%, slow growth, poor meat quality, thin fruiting body; less than 60%, it is difficult to bud, even if there are young buds, they will soon dry up; above 95%, malformed buds are easy to appear, which are mostly loose branching types and are prone to decay. Hericium Erinaceus likes light and needs a certain amount of scattered light. Under the condition of complete darkness, although the hyphae can grow, it is difficult to form fruiting bodies. Therefore, when cultivating hericium Erinaceus, we must keep the room bright, preferably with scattered light to avoid direct sunlight. In general, during the growth of hericium Erinaceus fruit body, attention should be paid to spraying water frequently in order to increase yield.

Autumn has cool climate, abundant rainfall and high air humidity, which is the best season for cultivation of hericium Erinaceus. In other seasons, corresponding measures should be taken according to the requirements of environmental conditions of hericium Erinaceus.

5. Harvest

When the fruiting body ball is full of spines, the spines are about 1cm, and the color is white, it can be harvested. When harvesting, press the bag with the left hand and hold the fruiting body with the right hand and turn slowly down. Pay attention to the stalk not leaving stubble too high, so as not to rot after spraying water and attract miscellaneous bacteria and insect pests.