Cultivation technology of hericium Erinaceus in plastic greenhouse

Hericium Erinaceus is a kind of medium-and high-grade edible fungus with special flavor and high nutrition and health value. With the improvement of people's living standards, the market of fresh monkey head mushrooms has gradually expanded. Popularizing the cultivation of hericium Erinaceus can not only meet people's consumption needs, but also help mushroom farmers get rich. The technology is introduced as follows:

I. Construction of plastic greenhouse

Choose a place with flat terrain, close to water source and clean environment to build a shed. Greenhouse specifications: the east-west length is about 45 meters (determined according to the cultivation scale), the north-south width is 8 meters, the north wall is 2.8 meters high (including the depth of digging), the south wall is 1.6 meters high, and a partition wall is built every 15 meters from north to south. The wall is a brick structure, the north wall is a double-layer hollow wall to facilitate thermal insulation, and the south wall has two windows every 3 meters for ventilation. The shed is dug 50 cm below the ground, and the top surface of the shed is covered with non-dripping film for heat preservation. Qualified mushroom farmers can also use the winter warm vegetable greenhouse for hericium Erinaceus cultivation.

Second, the cultivation season

According to the temperature requirements of the growth and development of hericium Erinaceus, the cultivation bags should be made in the middle of October in Shandong Province, after about a month of cultivation, the mushroom began to produce in the middle and late November, and ended in the first and middle March of the following year.

III. Preparation of cultivation bags

1. Culture material preparation formula ①: cotton husk 90%, wheat bran 8%, gypsum 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%. Formula ②: cotton husk 58%, sawdust 30%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%. Formula ③: cottonseed husk 50%, corncob powder 38%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%. Mix the above ingredients well and adjust the water content to 65% according to the ratio of material to water: 1: 1. 2: 1: 1: 1.4 by adding water.

two。 Polypropylene bags of 15 cm × 32 cm ~ 34 cm × 0.04 cm are used for bagging. The weight of dry material in each bag is about 0.4 kg ~ 0.45 kg. Press the material moderately, and then tighten the mouth of the bag with a rope.

IV. Sterilization

1. Put the culture bag in a sterilizing pot in layers under atmospheric pressure, heat it to 100 ℃, keep it for 10 hours, simmer for 5 to 6 hours, then take out the bag and cool it for inoculation.

two。 A large-capacity high-pressure sterilizer is used for high-pressure sterilization, and the material bag is also placed in layers to keep the pressure 1.2kg / square centimeter for 2 hours, then cool naturally until the pressure is 00:00, open the pot cover and take out the bag to cool. When sterilizing in a large-capacity sterilizer, if the pressure is raised to 1.5 kg / square centimeter, the phenomenon of molten bag and bag expansion will easily occur, which will affect the effect of sterilization.

V. inoculation and cultivation

When the bag was cooled to less than 30 ℃, the inoculation box was transferred to the inoculation box, which was fumigated with potassium permanganate and formaldehyde, and inoculated in aseptic operation for 20 minutes. Inoculation is carried out from both ends of the bag, generally 25 bags per bottle of bacteria. After inoculation, the material bag can be moved directly into the greenhouse to culture bacteria. Before moving into the greenhouse, fully disinfect the greenhouse, open windows to lower the temperature in the greenhouse, spray the ground and walls with lime water, and then fumigate for 24 hours with formaldehyde or sulfur. If the hericium Erinaceus is cultivated in the winter warm vegetable greenhouse, the inoculated material bag can be cultured separately in the culture room until the mycelium is about 2 cm deep, and then moved into the greenhouse to continue the culture. The material bag is discharged as a wall, each row is stacked with 6 layers, the bottom is covered with a layer of brick, and the row spacing is 60 cm, so as to facilitate management.

During the period of bacteria culture, ventilation management should be strengthened, grass curtain should be added to the roof to shade, and the temperature in the shed should not exceed 27 ℃. After about 30 days, when the mycelium is nearly full, pour the bag to check and remove the bag with heavy contamination of miscellaneous bacteria, and the bag with strong growth can carry out mushroom production management.

VI. Management of mushroom production

Untie the ropes at both ends of the bag full of bacteria, and then gently pull the mouth of the bag back to improve the internal ventilation condition of the bag. Increase the humidity in the shed to more than 85%, and keep the temperature in the shed at 10 ℃ ~ 20 ℃. After entering the late November, the sunshine warming intensity in the northern area is obviously weakened, the grass curtain can be properly removed to increase the sunshine temperature in the daytime, and the grass curtain can be covered at night to keep warm. If the light is strong and the temperature in the shed is on the high side, grass curtains can be added to cover the shade during the day. Sunny and warm weather, gently open the south window for moderate ventilation. Generally, budding begins after 7 ~ 10 days, and should be harvested in time when the spines in the fruiting body of hericium Erinaceus are about 0.5 cm ~ 1 cm. After harvest, the mushroom root should be eliminated and continue to be cultivated. In the severe winter season, if the heat preservation effect of the greenhouse is poor, the management of mushroom production can be suspended and managed again after the temperature picks up in early February. Generally, 2 ~ 3 tide mushrooms can be collected, and the biological efficiency can reach 100%. Due to the good heat preservation performance of the greenhouse and the small evaporation in the greenhouse in winter, the times of spraying water should be properly reduced in the management, and it is strictly forbidden to spray water to the mouth of the bag and the mushroom bud, so as not to cause the mushroom bud to rot.

For the mushroom bags that have been out of 2 tide ~ 3 tide mushrooms, the method of covered soil border planting can be adopted, and its biological efficiency can generally exceed 120%. The method is as follows: dig a border 1.2 meters wide and 25 centimeters deep in the shed, remove the plastic bags, put three or four in a bunch of vertical beds, cover with fine loam about 2 centimeters thick, pour through water, and then keep the border moist for about 15 days. a tide of mushrooms can be produced, and the diameter of the mushroom body can reach more than 25 centimeters. When the thorn is up to 0.5 cm long, it can be harvested carefully, and the mushroom stalk with soil can be cut off with a knife and can be sold or processed.

By using this method, the mushroom emergence period can be extended to the middle and late April. This method can also be used for bag cultivation of hericium Erinaceus without mushroom, and the effect of increasing yield is also very obvious.