Common Diseases and Control of Pleurotus ostreatus
Pleurotus ostreatus is a kind of rare mushroom product which is very popular in domestic and foreign markets in recent years, but due to the occurrence of many diseases and insect pests, the growers often fail to accurately identify symptoms and pathogens, and blindly use chemical pesticides to treat the mushroom body, resulting in the damage of mushroom body. the cultivation benefit is poor. The symptoms, pathogens and control measures of common infectious diseases are introduced as follows:
First, the fruiting body affected by brown rot stops growing, and the cap and stalk rot and stink. The pathogen is Alternaria verrucosa, which is mainly caused by the transmission of contaminated water or contact with hands and tools of diseased mushrooms. Prevention and control measures: (1) do a good job in disinfection of mushroom shed. (2) the water used during mushroom production should be clean and ventilated. (3) timely removal and destruction of injured mushrooms, increase ventilation and reduce humidity in the shed. (4) spray bacteria bag with 50 times solution of streptomycin to avoid recurrence of disease.
Second, the mushroom body affected by soft rot bent and collapsed, and finally withered and shrunk. The pathogen is Fusarium solanum, which has a high incidence under the condition of high temperature and humidity. Prevention and control measures: (1) exposure of raw materials, sterilization of bacterial bags thoroughly. (2) the choice of vaccination should be carried out when the temperature is low. (3) before opening the bacterial bag, spray and sterilize with 1000 times of dichlorvos EC. After opening, the temperature is controlled at 23 ℃ ~ 25 ℃, and the space relative humidity is controlled at 80%. (4) when the young mushroom occurs, the supernatant of lime water with pH 8 can be sprayed, or 1500 times of triazole copper EC can be sprayed.
Third, the stalk of diseased mushroom shrinks and dries up, rudimentary, withered, but does not rot. The pathogen is Fusarium oxysporum. The disease is easy to occur when the quality of the culture material is poor or the loading sterilization time is long. Prevention and control measures: (1) fresh and high quality culture materials are required. (2) sterilization in time after bagging. (3) to prevent the burning of bacteria at high temperature and direct sunlight during the germicidal period. (4) once the disease occurs, it should be harvested in advance, and the base material of the affected part should be dug out in time and sprayed and disinfected.
Fourth, the fruiting body of the victim of mildew rot appears moldy, blackened, rotten and smells of ammonia. The pathogen is Trichoderma viride, which is often caused by incomplete sterilization. Prevention and control measures: (1) pay attention to the disinfection of mushroom shed and surrounding environment. (2) strictly carry out aseptic operation. (3) after the disease, remove the disease bag and disinfect the mushroom shed in time.
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New cultivation techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus with good quality
Pleurotus ostreatus, also known as Pleurotus ostreatus, is crisp and tender in texture, delicious in taste and rich in nutrition. It is a kind of Pleurotus ostreatus which has a straight diameter of less than 3 cm with harvested fruiting body. Because the mushroom body is small, fresh and delicious, it is very popular in the market. Since its introduction for 2 years, our center has made a perfect summary of its biological characteristics and cultivation techniques. The new high-quality cultivation techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus are summarized as follows. 1 Pleurotus ostreatus is a kind of low temperature fungus in cultivation season, the temperature range of mushroom production is 5 ~ 22 ℃, the optimum temperature range is 13 ~ 18 ℃, and the suitable temperature is 9 ~ 9 in this area.
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Three-dimensional cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus without bed in large bag
Harvest when the mushroom grows to 7 Mill 8 minutes mature, that is, when the mushroom cover is not bulging, it can be harvested. When harvesting, one hand should support the material surface, and the other should gently break the mushroom stack so as not to bring down a large piece of culture material. After picking each crop of mushrooms, arrange the material surface and control water for 7 days before the management of the next stubble mushrooms. The advantages of the cultivation model save the wooden poles for building shelves. Do not need to string curtains, build shelves, save resources, reduce labor intensity, change high-altitude operation to low-altitude operation, easy to operate. The moisture in the culture material is easy to maintain and produce mushrooms.
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