Propagation method of Taxus mairei seedlings

Taxus is a first-class protected rare plant in China. Paclitaxel extracted from its bark or branches and leaves is a specific drug for the treatment of cancer, which is expensive. At present, many areas are making great efforts to build yew bases, and the yew seedling market is in short supply. Taxus mairei is mainly propagated by seeds. The outer seed coat of its seed is hard and dense, and its physiological post-ripening time is as long as one year. Many seedlings failed because they failed to grasp the seedling characteristics of Taxus chinensis. Based on the practical experience of raising seedlings of Taxus chinensis in recent years, the author puts forward the following measures. 1. To correctly grasp the time of seed collection, the florescence of Taxus mairei is from May to June, and the seed maturity is from October to November, when the seed is mature and the fleshy exostum changes from green to yellowish brown, then it can be picked. If the seeds are picked before, the seeds are too tender, which can easily cause seed dysplasia and affect the germination rate. 2. Treatment and storage of seeds the collected seeds will be covered with water for 3 to 5 days, then scrubbed and dried in the shade under ventilated conditions. The dry seeds are stored in time with 5% water content of river sand mixed with sand, the ratio of seeds to sand is 1 ∶ 3, the thickness of seeds mixed with sand is 30 cm to 40 cm, and the upper layer is covered with sand 3 cm to 4 cm, which is turned every 20 days to avoid seed drying and death. Taxus seeds have a long physiological ripening period and need to be stored for as long as one year in order to achieve the purpose of sprouting. You can also soak the seeds in concentrated sulfuric acid solution for half an hour, corrode part of the outer seed coat, rinse clean and dry, and store. This can effectively promote early germination and neat germination after sowing. Third, the selection of nursery land should choose sandy loam with flat terrain, deep soil layer, loose soil and slightly acidic soil, which requires convenient drainage and irrigation, because yew seedlings are afraid of both drought and waterlogging. 4. the soil preparation and base fertilizer of the nursery land were prepared one month before sowing. 15kg ferrous sulfate per mu was mixed with dry sand and sprinkled into the soil to control blight and anthracnose. Apply 50 piculs of rotten farm manure and 50 kilograms of compound fertilizer per mu so as not to expose the fertilizer. Fifth, the treatment before sowing rinses and stores the seeds with water, then soaks the seeds with 0.5 potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes; if 5% of the seeds' radicles are exposed, they should not be disinfected and can be sowed directly. Sowing, covering and shading will sow the treated seeds evenly on the border surface by means of sowing or strip sowing. The seed consumption of sowing is 25 kg per mu and that of strip sowing is 20 kg. Cover the seeds with burning soil or fine broken loam, 1 cm to 2 cm thick, then cover well with straw. The sowing time is from December to March of the following year. It can be germinated and unearthed about 1 month after sowing, and the germination ends about 2 months. Attention should be paid to the prevention and control of rodent damage before germination. Shade the seeds before they germinate to prevent the seedlings from burning. 7. Grass removal and seedling tube protection when more than 40% of the yew seeds are unearthed, the covered straw can be removed; spray 1500 times enemy kill or 1000 times dichlorvos every 7 to 10 days to control pests, spraying time should be after 4 p.m. on cloudy or sunny days; after 10 to 15 days, spray 1000 times methyl topiramate or 800 times dichlorvos on the seedling bed to prevent seedling blight, smashing or anthracnose; timely weeding and loose soil 0.5% urea was applied once every 15 days until late September; in October, foliar fertilizer potassium dihydrogen phosphate or borax was sprayed to promote the full Lignification of seedlings and achieve the goal of robust seedlings.