Large area cultivation technique of Belgian rhododendron

Although the Belgian cuckoo is cited from Europe, it has a strong Chinese "pedigree". From 1838 to 1939, Robert Fuqiong and other British and American botanists came to China many times to bring rhododendron varieties such as early flowering rhododendron in the south of the Yangtze River to Europe and crossed with East Asian rhododendron, peony rhododendron, hairy white rhododendron and other varieties. many excellent varieties have been cultivated. Since the breeding center at that time was located in Ghent, Belgium, it was customary to call this group of rhododendrons "Belgian rhododendrons". After it was introduced into our country, it is also called "western cuckoo". Belgian rhododendron plants are relatively short, flowers similar to peony, mostly double, some varieties have wrinkled edges, petals are more colorful, there are bright red, peach red, water red, orange red, pure white, milky white and red-white mixed colors, many plants have more than two kinds of flowers, variety, delicate and elegant, the most rare is that it can bloom in four seasons, the flowering period can last about 60 days, and the flowering period can be controlled artificially. So it is favored by people all over the world. Nanyang Village, Hetang Town, Gutian County, took the lead in building the largest Belgian rhododendron production base in eastern Fujian in 1999, with an annual output of more than 50,000 pots, which is exported to Beijing, Guangzhou and other cities. The successful experience of its large area cultivation is summarized as follows:

1 Cuttage propagation

11 cutting period

Cuttings can be cut all the year round, but the survival rate is the highest from April to May and from September to October.

12 seedbed preparation

Select the sandy loam with loose soil and good drainage, and make the border with the field free of diseases and insect pests (12m wide and 03m high). After the border is leveled, it is covered with a layer of fresh loess with 3cm thickness, poured with proper amount of water, and seedlings can be planted after slightly flattening.

13 insert preparation

The annual, semi-lignified, pest-free and robust branches were selected to cut the cuttings, each 3~5cm was long, and the top buds and 1-2 leaves at the base were knocked out, and the upper 3-4 leaves were left for cutting.

14 cutting method

First soak one end of the cuttings into the soil with 1% rooting agent solution for a few seconds and then insert into the nursery bed. The cutting density is based on the natural extension of the leaves of each cuttage, the distance between the front and back sides of the cuttings is 3~4cm, and the cutting depth 2cm. After insertion, you should pour enough water again. Bamboo strips are arched on the seedbed. Cover strict transparent plastic film. The film is then covered with 60% sunshade net to control the temperature of the seedbed and avoid strong light exposure, which is conducive to survival.

15 plug-in management

At the normal temperature of 12-28 ℃, new leaves take root and grow about 20 days after planting, no fertilization, no watering when the soil is wet, and the film can be gradually removed after 35 days, leaving only the sunshade net to refine the seedlings. After 50 days, it can be transplanted on the basin or planted in other places. Two days before transplanting, 0 15% topiramate and 01% ternary compound fertilizer solution were sprayed once to strengthen seedlings and prevent disease.

2Transplantation and maintenance

21 false planting and colonization

The seedlings survived by cuttings were first moved to the field border for pseudo-planting, and then planted in 13cm × 13cm plastic nutrition cup (recycled black plastic simple bowl) when the seedlings grew to about 10cm height. The seedlings survived by cuttings can also be transferred to a small nutrition cup of 10cm × 10cm for 40 days, and then transferred to a nutrition cup of 13cm × 13cm or a larger flower bowl after the root system is full of nutrition cups. @ # @ 136 plants can be transported in batches until buds appear. The ingredients in the nutrition cup can be made of coconut bran and peat soil (1 ∶ 5) or tung oil cake powder and peat soil (1 ∶ 10).

22 maintenance and management

221 Scientific pipe watering is a regular maintenance work. The roots of western cuckoos are very slender, and they are afraid of both flood and drought, so watering should be carried out timely and appropriately according to the needs of seasons, weather and different growth periods. In general, the sunny day or seedling stage of winter and plum rain season should be watered every 3 to 5 days to keep the soil moist; the sunny day or greenhouse cultivation in spring can irrigate the right amount of water for 2 to 3 days; the sunny day in autumn should be watered every evening when it is dry or when it blossoms; it should be watered in the morning and evening when it is hot and hot in summer or when it is in full bloom. Watering requires clean water or tap water for more than one day. Watering should not be excessive to avoid stagnant water and rot the roots.

222 reasonable fertilization depends on the application of seedlings. About 20 days in the seedling stage, the foliar fertilizer solution of 01% 0.02% was applied, and the amount of fertilizer should be appropriately increased one month before flowering, mainly with 0.2% available phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, once every 10 days, to prevent overgrowth, promote the flowers to be large and bright in color. Stop fertilizing during flowering to avoid promoting new shoots and being unfavorable to flowering. Pay attention to fertilization should not be too thick and excessive, so as to avoid fertilizer damage. Rhododendron also often causes chlorosis due to iron deficiency. If this disease occurs, the whole plant should be sprayed with 0.2% ferrous sulfate solution in time to prevent and cure it.

223 shaded rhododendron is suitable for growing in mild, cool and humid environment, avoiding sun exposure, high temperature, dry and muggy weather. Therefore, the cultivation site should be selected in the south-facing ventilation, semi-shade or sunlight scattering place, can also be covered with 60% sunshade net, especially in summer, to achieve ventilation, moisture, sun protection.

224 the combination of crown shaping and flowering control crown pruning and cutting cuttings, florescence control. Pruning and shaping is through pruning, budding, erasing flower buds, supporting the crown into a mushroom shape, and cutting the branches suitable for cuttings into cuttings in time. It takes 180 days for Belgian rhododendron to transplant from surviving seedlings to flowering at normal temperature, and it also blossoms again after flower fade or artificial erasure of flower buds, so repeatedly, the removal or retention of flower buds is determined according to the different time on the market, so as to control the florescence. Bulk trafficking should be listed in packaging and transportation 20-30 days before flowering. If it is decided to go public on National Day, the flower buds and flowers will be removed at the end of March, and the whole tree will bloom at the same time by the end of September.

225 the main diseases of Belgian rhododendron are flower rot, brown spot, black rod disease and anthracnose, and the main pests are rhododendron bugs, short beard mites and aphids. Disease prevention can be sprayed with 1000 times of topiramate or 1000 times of 62% Xiansheng mixed powder, once every 7 days, three times in succession can effectively control the disease; pest control can be sprayed twice with 18% epididyl 2000 times in the first and middle April of each year, which can basically eliminate insect pests without polluting the environment.