Dog tooth root

The dog tooth root is also known as the iron coin grass and the climbing grass. It is widely distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate coastal areas, as well as in the southern United States, Africa, Europe and Asia. It is distributed in all provinces and autonomous regions south of the Yellow River basin in China, and it has been popularized and planted in Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces and autonomous regions, usually growing in beaches, meadows and field corners, which can form a single dominant planting industry in a certain area.

I. Economic value

The biggest characteristic of Bermudagrass is that it has the ability of bisexual reproduction of seed and rhizome, and its rhizome has strong reproductive ability, fast growth and high yield. The leaves are rich, the grass is soft, the taste is light, and its stem is slightly sour and palatable. Cattle, buffaloes, horses, goats, rabbits and other livestock like to eat, as do pigs and poultry when they are young. The content of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extract and crude ash accounted for 17.58%, 1.95%, 29.64%, 36.54% and 14.29% of dry matter, respectively. It can be mowed 4 times a year. Generally, the hay can be harvested at 2250 and 3000 kg per hectare. On the land with fertile soil and good management conditions, the hay can be harvested at 7500 Mui per hectare and 11,250 kg. Bermudagrass is a good plant for soil and water conservation because of its well-developed root system and large amount of roots. it is also a good plant for laying pavilions, sports grounds, parks, courtyards, greening cities and beautifying the environment.

II. Botanical characteristics

Bermudagrass is a perennial herb of Gramineae. With rhizome and stolon, internodes of different length. The stem creeps on the ground and can be more than 2 meters long; every landing node can take root, and each node can grow 5 tillers and propagate into a new plant; each node is densely condensed by 3 nodes, so each node can have 3 long leaves. Ligule short, ciliate, leaf blade striate, 10 cm long and 1 mm wide. Spikes, 3 murmel 6, arranged digitally at the top of the stem; spikelets arranged on one side of the rachilla, 2 Mel 2.5 mm long, containing 1 floret, anthers indehiscent, most of them sterile, mainly propagated asexually by rhizome, Ying segments equal, 1-veined ridged, shorter than Lemma; Lemma with 3 veins, hairy on ridge; Palea equal, with 2 ridges. A thousand seeds weigh 0.25 grams.

III. Biological characteristics

Bermudagrass is a spring grass, which likes heat but is not resistant to cold. It grows poorly in cold weather and is vulnerable to frost. It grew well when the daily average temperature was above 24 ℃, grew slowly when the temperature dropped to 9 ℃, and died when the average temperature of the day was-2 ℃. In the south of China, it generally germinates from 3Mui to April, grows vigorously from 6MUE to August, and gradually withered after November. The period of green grass is more than 8 months, and the growth period is 250Murray 280 days. It can withstand drought for a long time, but the yield is very low. It can adapt to a wide range of soils, from sandy soil to heavy clay, but the medium clay soil which is moist and well drained grows best. In general, Bermudagrass has a strong ability of vegetative reproduction and competitiveness. it can spread rapidly by the expansion of stolon and rhizome under suitable soil conditions, with an average daily growth rate of 0.91 cm and a high of 1.4 cm. Thus a plant community dominated by Bermudagrass was formed.

IV. Cultivation techniques

The germination rate of Bermudagrass seeds is very low, and there are few seeds that can emerge, so it is necessary to select deep and fertile land for ploughing, with 60,000-70,000 kg of livestock manure per hectare and 150,000kg of calcium superphosphate as base fertilizer. The main cultivation methods are as follows.

(1) the sowing method is to propagate with seeds. The seeds of Bermudagrass are small, and the land needs to be meticulously leveled and broken. The daily average temperature of seed germination was 18 ℃, and the sowing rate was 3.75 Mel 11.25 kg per hectare. When sowing, the seeds can be mixed with sediment and then sowed, so that the seeds are in good contact with the soil, which is conducive to seed germination.

(2) the method of strip planting is propagated by branches. Dig the trench according to the row spacing of 0. 6m, put the chopped rhizome into the ditch, the branches are slightly exposed to the soil, cover the soil and step on it.

(3) the turf of Bermudagrass was dug up by the method of ramet transplanting, and the ramet was planted in the whole soil, paying attention to making the plant and bud upward.

(4) the block planting method cuts the dug turf into small pieces, dig a hole wider than the turf block on the land to be planted, put the turf block into the hole and fill it with soil.

(5) the stolon and rhizome of Bermuda root are dug up in early spring and cut into small sections of 6murmur10cm. The mixed soil is scattered on the whole land, and then it is pressed in time to bring it into contact with the soil, and then it can germinate and grow.

After cultivation, the above breeding methods are properly irrigated according to soil moisture to facilitate survival. The yield of Bermudagrass varies greatly whether it is fertilized or not, so the cultivation and management of Bermudagrass should pay attention to rational fertilization. Organic fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer before sowing, and nitrogen fertilizer should be applied after cutting.

V. methods of utilization

Bermudagrass has high yield and good quality, so it is most suitable for cutting and green feeding. When the grass layer is as high as 40m Mel 50cm, it can be cut and used, leaving a stubble height of 2m Mel 3cm. Quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be applied after mowing 1 / m / m / L for 2 times to promote the growth of regenerated grass. It can be mowed once in 40 days during the peak growing season, and can be mowed six times a year, with a yield of 15000-23000 kg per hectare and 110000-150000 kg per hectare, which can be used to prepare hay or make silage. Because the dog tooth root is more resistant to livestock trampling, it can also be used for grazing. By domesticating it and paying attention to increasing grass yield, it can be used as a cultivated grass species for permanent grazing grassland.