Apricot (apricot)

Plum genus of Rosaceae, perennial deciduous fruit trees, trees or shrubs, also known as common apricot. Scientific name PrunusarmeniacaL. Apricot is native to China. Apricot was cultivated 2600 years ago. The "Silk Road" spread to Iran, Armenia, Greece, Rome and other countries along the Mediterranean in the 2nd century BC, to Japan in the 10th century, and to Europe and America after the 18th century. In 1988, the world's total output of apricot was 2.112 million tons, mainly in Asia. The cultivation of apricot in China is most concentrated in the provinces of the Yellow River basin. The tree height is 6-8m, and the maximum height is more than 10m, which is the largest kind of drupe fruit trees. The crown is open or half-open, showing a natural round head. Trunk bark irregularly longitudinally lobed, dark grayish brown or dark brown. Annual branches reddish brown or dark purple, erect, oblique, glossy, with many lenticels; perennial branches grayish brown. The leaf blade is large, suborbicular or broadly ovoid, the leaf base is round or nearly heart-shaped, the leaf margin is obtusely round, the leaf color is dark green, and the new leaves at the apex of the new shoot are red. Flowers solitary, bisexual, Corolla 2-4 cm in diam.; sepals ovoid or elliptic, petals white or pink; stamens 20-40, pistil 1, main pilose. The fruit is round, oblate to oblong, weighing 20-80g, the maximum is more than 180g; when ripe, the peel is orange, yellow, light yellow, green and white, the sun mask is red or not; the flesh is green-white, yellowish, orange-yellow, sweet and sour or sweet-sour. The nuclei are stained, enucleated, semi-enucleated, the nucleus is oblate or oblate, and the nucleolus is oblate, bitter or sweet. Apricot trees bear fruit early and have a long life. 2-3 years after planting, apricot trees blossom and bear fruit in 6-8 years, and their economic life can reach more than 100 years. Apricot root system is strong, can go deep into the deep soil, the growth potential is very strong, the young tree grows fast, and the fruit is obviously weakened later. The buds are precocious, and the life span of latent buds can reach 20-30 years. Apricot buds are divided into pure flower buds and leaf buds. The flower buds began to expand in late March, began to bloom in early April, flowered for 5-7 days, new shoots began to grow in mid-April, stopped growing for the first time in early May, grew again in mid-May, and some grew for the third time, and stopped growing in early July. After the flower fade, a large number of fruits began to drop when the fruit expanded rapidly, the apricot stone hardened in the first ten days of May, and the fruit ripened in late May. The growth period is 180-210 days, and the fruit development period is 50-90 days. Apricot can withstand the temperature of-30 ℃ or lower, can bear high temperature, and the highest temperature in summer is 43.4 ℃. It can still bear fruit normally. Apricot is a light-loving tree species with strong drought tolerance and lax requirements on soil. no matter plain, high mountains, hills, sand wasteland and light saline-alkali soil, apricot can grow normally, but it is suitable for well-drained and fertile sandy loam or gravelly loam. The main varieties can be divided into 6 variety groups: Asia variety group in ①. ② European variety group. ③ Iranian Caucasus variety group. ④ Yipin population outside Junggar. ⑤ North China variety group. ⑥ East China variety group. According to the fruit use, the main cultivated varieties of apricot in China can be divided into three types: fresh use, kernel use and kernel meat use. The main varieties are: ① Lanzhou Dajie apricot. ② Huaxian Dajie apricot. ③ Sanyuan Cao Xing. ④ fragrant white apricot. ⑤ string red apricot. ⑥ red jade apricot. ⑦ egg apricot. ⑧ sand gold red apricot. ⑨ Kizil Kumanti. ⑩ Dragon King Hat. Cultivated apricot is propagated by grafting, and the rootstocks are apricot seed, mountain apricot (P.armeniacavar.ansuMaxim.), mountain peach (Prunusdavidiana (Carr.) Franch.), plum, plum and so on. The grafting methods are bud grafting, wood bud grafting, tongue grafting, skin grafting, root skin grafting and so on. Diseases and insect pests are: heart-eating insects, leaf-eating pests, almond bees, red-necked longicorn beetles, apricot disease. Apricot fruit is rich in nutrition, including 10g sugar, 0.9g protein, carotene 1.79mg, vitamin B10.02 mg, vitamin B20.03 mg, vitamin P0.6 mg, vitamin C7 mg, calcium 2.6mg, phosphorus 2.4mg per 100g pulp. Sweet almonds are sweet and crisp, containing 23% protein, 50-60% crude fat, about 10% carbohydrates and minerals such as phosphorus, iron, calcium and potassium. Almonds can extract oil, the oil yield is 45%, and the oil is edible.