Intensive cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus

Tea mushroom, also known as tea tree mushroom, the mushroom meat tender handle crisp, pure fragrance, excellent taste, naturally distributed in Fujian, Taiwan, Yunnan, Xizang and other places of Camellia oleifera. In recent years, Jiangxi, Fujian and other provinces have been commercial large-scale production, the domestic export of products are popular. The intensive three-dimensional cultivation techniques are introduced as follows:

1. Construction of mushroom shed: whether it is indoor mushroom house or wild mushroom house (or plastic greenhouse), according to the requirements of pollution-free production, environmental conditions must be optimized, soil, water quality, water pollution-free. The shed of intensive production can be adjusted to local conditions. Gutian County, Fujian Province mostly uses bamboo and wood as the skeleton, surrounded by thermal insulation expanded plastic board to form a mushroom house. Equipped with 6-7-story beds, 250-300 square meters per room, one-time cultivation of 10,000 bags. The mushroom room should be sanitary, heat preservation, moisturizing, ventilation and reasonable lighting.

two。 Cultivation season: the mycelium growth temperature of Pleurotus ostreatus is 10-34 degrees Celsius, the optimum temperature is 24-28 degrees Celsius, the growth temperature of fruiting body is 12-34 degrees Celsius, and the optimum temperature is 22-28 degrees Celsius. Spring should be inoculated in February and mushroom in April, and inoculated in August in autumn and mushroom in October, so as to make full use of natural temperature.

3. Fungus material technology: tea salary mushroom bag production process: ingredients-mixing-bagging-sterilization are in accordance with the conventional operation. The commonly used culture materials are as follows:

① cottonseed hull 50%, miscellaneous sawdust 22%, wheat bran 20%, lime powder 2%, corn powder 5%, gypsum powder 1%; ② tea seed hull 40%, cottonseed hull 32%, wheat bran 20%, lime powder 2%, corn powder 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%; ③ miscellaneous sawdust 72%, wheat bran 20%, sucrose 2%, calcium carbonate 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, gypsum powder 1%.

The raw materials are different and should be treated separately before mixing. The tea seed shell should be crushed into rice-sized particles, soaked in 1% Mui 2% lime for 10-14 hours, picked up and set aside. The cottonseed shell should be stirred and accumulated 24 hours in advance to allow it to absorb water. In order to prevent miscellaneous bacteria pollution, the cottonseed shell can also be pre-wet with lime water before mixing. The water content of the culture material is controlled at 60%.

Cultivation bag specifications: vertical bag cultivation of commonly used 15 × 32 cm (or 17 × 38 cm), thickness of 5 mm high-pressure polyphenylene plastic bag. As a factory factory, it is best to use the "space bag" automatic stamping bag machine to increase production.

4. Inoculation culture: select the appropriate age bacteria with good quality and the age of no more than 80 days. When the temperature of the bag does not exceed 30 degrees Celsius at the time of inoculation, the bacterial bag is put into the inoculation box, and all kinds of inoculation equipment should be disinfected by 75% alcohol and put into the inoculation box, and then the inoculation can be started after 15-20 minutes of sterilization with disinfectant. When inoculating, the mouth of the bag should be close to the flame of the alcohol lamp, and the mouth of the bag is facing down. except for a few bacteria entering the hole, most of the bacteria are placed on the surface of the culture medium, and then fasten the mouth of the bag. After inoculation, put the bacterial bag on the shelf of the mushroom room to cultivate, the temperature is kept at 23-25 degrees Celsius, the air humidity does not exceed 70%, weak light scattering. Autumn planting period often encounter high temperature, pay attention to sparse bags to dissipate heat, strengthen ventilation and cooling, but also prevent rodent damage to avoid infection of miscellaneous bacteria.

5. Mushroom management: when the bacterial bag is filled with mycelium, after about 10 days, when the accumulated temperature is 1600-2000 degrees Celsius, move into the factory building which has been disinfected in advance. Rinse the bacterial bag with 0.5% potassium permanganate liquid before opening. After drying, use a blade to cut a small opening of about 3 cm (or cut off the tie opening) at the top of the bacterial bag, and cover with the film. In some places, mushroom farmers take a simple approach: untie the mouth of the bag, straighten the film, and cover it with newspaper. At this stage, the indoor temperature is 20-28 degrees Celsius and the relative humidity is 70% and 75%. Do not spray water directly after opening, so as not to be infected with miscellaneous bacteria. If the humidity is too high 5 days after opening, ventilate for 10-15 minutes in the morning and evening, and if the humidity is too low, it can be humidified by spraying water; 12-16 days after opening, the space spray requires that the air relative humidity should reach 80%, 90%, 90%, 95%, not more than 97%. When the mycelium changed from vegetative growth to reproductive stage, the color of the material changed, and yellow water appeared at the initial stage, followed by dark brown patches, followed by small mushroom buds. As long as the temperature and humidity are suitable, mushrooms will begin to emerge within 15-20 days after opening.

6. Timely harvest: generally 5-7 days from mushroom bud to harvest, when the bacterial cap is hemispherical and the bacterial ring has not been detached from the handle, it should be harvested, and the expiration will affect the quality of the goods. After the first stage mushroom is harvested, we should stop spraying water for 5-6 days and allow it to restore mycelial growth so as to accumulate nutrition for the next stage of mushroom. After 15 days, the air humidity was raised to more than 90%, which promoted the growth of the second stage mushroom. It usually takes an interval of about 7-15 days from the end of the first stage to the growth of the second stage. In the future, the third phase of mushrooms will be produced according to the above management methods. After picking three stages of mushrooms, if the substrate in the bag dries up and loses water, it can be cultivated with soil cover, increase humidity, and continue to grow mushrooms. As long as it is properly managed, each bag can produce more than 200-300 grams of fresh mushrooms with a dry weight of 30-50 grams.