How to control large button mushroom and Xylaria

Pleurotus ostreatus and Xanthomonas oryzae are the main diseases of edible fungi. These two diseases are parasitic diseases, they are parasitic on the mycelium of edible fungi, absorb the nutrition of edible fungi hyphae, once the disease occurs on the fungal tube or bed, the infected part of the fungal tube or bed will no longer produce mushrooms. The prevention and control methods are introduced as follows:

First, big button mushroom

The pathogen mainly infects Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinus edodes, Flammulina velutipes and so on.

1. Symptoms show that at the beginning of the disease, small white round particles grow on the bacterial tube or bacterial bed, which are hard and button-like, and then gradually connect into pieces and turn brown, with uneven surface and different individual sizes. The damaged bacteria tube, the culture medium becomes loose, there is an unpleasant smell, the mycelium of edible fungi fades, and the formed primordia and young mushrooms turn yellow and rot.

two。 Under the disease condition, the mycelium growth temperature of Pleurotus ostreatus was 15 ℃ ~ 40 ℃, the optimum air relative humidity was 80%, and the pH value of culture medium was 5.5 ~ 5.8. Temperature is the key factor of the disease. When the temperature is 30 ℃ ~ 40 ℃, the mycelial growth of the tube is poor, and Pleurotus ostreatus is easy to occur. On the contrary, if the temperature of mushroom room is below 25 ℃, and the mycelium growth of edible fungus is robust, the cultivation quality of mushroom tube is good, and the stress resistance is strong, the occurrence of Pleurotus ostreatus is little or no.

3. Prevention and control measures ① selected high-quality bacteria with strong stress resistance and suitable age. Scientific preparation of culture materials to make the culture materials nutritious and balanced. The water content and pH value of the culture material should be suitable and sterilized thoroughly to ensure the quality. ② regulates the temperature of mushroom house. The temperature of the mushroom room was controlled at 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃ during the fermentation period and below 15 ℃ at the time of mushroom emergence. The fungus tube of ③ that has been infected by Pleurotus ostreatus should be burned immediately. When covering the soil, dig up the culture material and cover the soil and burn it, and sprinkle the affected area with lime or paracetamol. ④ sprays 1000 times of carbendazim solution in the early stage of bacteria or disease, with a dosage of 200ml per square meter. ⑤ changed the cultivation site. When there are conditions, in the event of Pleurotus ostreatus infection, a new mushroom house can be built elsewhere, which can effectively cut off the pathogen transmission route and prevent further spread. If the old mushroom house is used for cultivation, it should be thoroughly fumigated after harvest.

2. Xanthomonas campestris (Chicken claw)

The pathogen mainly harms Coprinus comatus and then infects Pleurotus ostreatus.

1. The symptoms showed that the fungus seldom infected in the stage of Coprinus comatus infection, but after the Coprinus comatus was covered with soil, the hyphae of Coprinus comatus spread to the overlying soil layer, if there was Xanthomonas charcoal, the hyphae of the two mycelia were twisted together quickly, and then parasitized on the hyphae of Coprinus comatus, and then grew and spread rapidly. The damaged mushroom tube or bed stops producing mushrooms, the culture material becomes loose, and the formed mushroom buds die. The seed body appeared on the fungus bed, which was light brown in the initial stage and brown to black in the later stage, and was often connected by 2 ~ 5 stalks, and the tip was thin and brown, similar to chicken feet.

two。 Under the disease condition, the suitable temperature for mycelium growth was 25 ℃ ~ 30 ℃, growing slowly above 32 ℃ or less than 20 ℃, almost no growth below 15 ℃, and the optimum air relative humidity for growth was 85%-95%. Poor ventilation, high water content in culture materials and soil cover, and soil thickness are all conducive to the occurrence of Xanthomonas charantia.

3. Prevention and control measures ① Xanthomonas oryzae is mainly transmitted by covered soil, so the covered soil materials should be disinfected. The method is to expose the covered soil for 3 to 5 days, then spray 5% formaldehyde solution, pile it up, cover the film, fumigate for 24 to 36 hours, and then spread out to remove the smell of medicine before use. The ② mushroom room should be disinfected before feeding, and the bedstead and facilities in the mushroom room should be cleaned and disinfected. ③ strictly controls the temperature, humidity and ventilation of the mushroom room. The temperature of the mushroom room is controlled below 20 ℃, the water content of the culture material is kept at 60%-65%, the water content of the covered soil is kept at 18%, and the thickness of the covered soil is 3 cm. Pay attention to ventilation when the humidity of the mushroom shed is 80% ~ 90%. Strictly guard against excessive water content of culture material and overlying soil and high relative humidity of the air. The sporulation and mushroom emergence of ④ were carried out in different places. The bacteria can be sent indoors or in the greenhouse, and the temperature is kept at 20 ℃ ~ 30 ℃. However, the temperature of mushroom shed should be kept at 10 ℃ ~ 15 ℃ after covering soil in autumn to avoid high temperature, which can effectively control the occurrence of Xanthomonas charantia. ⑤ does not take off the bag and cover the soil to produce mushrooms. The bacteria bag that is about to be sent will be discharged directly on the bed after opening the bag mouth, and the soil is only 3 cm thick on the material surface of the bag mouth, which can control the spread of Xanthomonas aeruginosa. When ⑥ found Xanthomonas charcoal on the bacterial bed, it immediately stopped spraying water, dug up the bacteria and the surrounding culture materials and covered soil, and buried them deep or burned away from the mushroom shed. Spray 5%-10% lime milk at the infected site, cover with new soil, and cover with film. ⑦ advocates mushroom and vegetable rotation, which is beneficial to change the ecological environment and inhibit the occurrence of bacteria. Changing the site and building a new mushroom house can cut off the transmission of bacteria, which is an effective way to control Xanthomonas charantia.