Cultivation techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus at high temperature

Xiu Pearl is native to India and grows on the stump of Roche's halberd, so it is also known as Indian abalone mushroom; also known as Pleurotus ostreatus, also known as pocket mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus. As one of the largest consumption of rare fungi, it has won the favor of consumers because of its beautiful appearance, good taste, bright side dishes and so on.

At present, there are two main strains of Xiuzhen mushroom, one is "Xiao Ping Pleurotus ostreatus" introduced from Japan, and the temperature of mushroom production is 8-24 ℃. The mushroom cap is gray, the color is white after maturity, the tufted stalk is short, and the mushroom production is concentrated; second, Xiuzhen mushroom introduced from Taiwan, the mushroom temperature is 8-24 ℃, the cap is light gray, solitary, short stalk, mesophytic or partial.

1. Determination of cultivation season

The determination of cultivation time is mainly based on the market demand to determine the cultivation variety and cultivation time, and then to determine the local climatic conditions. Generally, the cultivation time of Xiuzhen mushroom cultivation bag is 25-35 days, and the grower should choose and purchase or make all levels of bacteria according to the specific conditions of production. Hangzhou area high temperature Xiuzhen mushroom is arranged to start making bags in April, start to produce mushrooms in May, and can be harvested until the end of September and the beginning of October.

2. Formula of culture material

(1) 93% cottonseed hull, 5% wheat bran, 1% light calcium carbonate and 1% sugar.

(2) 45% of cottonseed shell, 40% of sawdust, 10% of wheat bran, 1% of sugar, 2% of light calcium carbonate and 2% of gypsum powder.

(3) 75% of sawdust, 10% of wheat bran, 5% of corn meal, 8% of rice sugar, 1% of light calcium carbonate and 1% of sugar.

All raw materials must be fresh, pollution-free and odorless.

Sawdust needs to be fermented before use: go through 2.Mui 4-mesh sieve to remove sundries; then build a stack with a bottom width of 5 mi 8 m, a height of 1.8 mi m, unlimited length and a tortoise back shape; sawdust surface sprinkled with a small amount of lime powder, spraying water evenly and fermenting naturally. 5After 6 days, the temperature in the stack rose to about 60 ℃, and the heap was turned for the first time, and the positions of internal and external sawdust, upper and lower sawdust were adjusted to achieve uniform fermentation, and then turned 3 times every 6-5-4 days. The whole sawdust fermentation treatment takes about 25 days, and the sawdust is dark brown and has a certain fragrance before it can be used.

3. Preparation and cultivation of bacterial bags.

The main results are as follows: (1) before the raw materials are loaded, all the raw materials should be evenly mixed with water, covered and stacked for 24 hours, so as to make the raw materials absorb water evenly and soften, so as to avoid puncturing the bacterial bags and causing bacterial pollution.

(2) as Xiuzhen mushroom is more suitable for wall cultivation, polypropylene plastic bags with 17X33X0.05 centimeters are usually used, each bag weighs 400m 500g dry material, which avoids mechanical or man-made damage when bagging, and the tightness is suitable.

(3) when mixing the material, the water content should be controlled at 60% Mui 65%. When holding the material tightly with the hand, there are 3 or 4 drops of water dripping, the material is still round after loosening the hand, and the throwing ground is loose and does not form a ball.

(4) Sterilization must be thorough, and aseptic operation must be strictly carried out in inoculation. Each bag produces a seed bag of 40 li 50 bags.

(5) the cultivation bags with good seeds are placed in the "well" shape of the culture room to store 6 layers of bacteria, or on the culture rack. During the culture period, the stack temperature should be checked frequently to prevent high temperature bacteria burning; if the stack temperature is lower than 20 ℃. Efforts should be made to increase the temperature, pay attention to control the stack temperature at about 25 ℃, and the culture room must be well ventilated, fresh air and prevent direct sunlight.

(6) the bacterial bags must be checked frequently during the germicidal period, and the bacterial bags contaminated by miscellaneous bacteria or those that do not eat food must be cleaned in time.

4. Mushroom production management

After 35 days of culture, the hyphae grew all over the material bag, and continued to culture for 7 days, when the mycelia at the mouth of the bag spit yellow water or appeared mushroom buds, it showed that the hyphae had reached physiological maturity and could be transferred to the mushroom room (shed) immediately for mushroom production management.

(1) disinfection of mushroom house (shed)

About 10 days before the bacterial bag was transferred into the mushroom shed, the environment of the shed should be treated: first, the insecticidal and mites were killed with dichlorvos 800mur1000 times liquid and high efficiency cypermethrin 1000 times liquid, then ventilated for a week, and then quicklime powder was sprinkled on the floor of the shed.

(2) temperature control

After putting the physiologically mature bacterial bag into the shed code wall, you can cut off the sealing ring and plastic, leave it 3 cm long, and cover the film for heat preservation and moisturization. it is considered that it is appropriate to pull the temperature difference in the greenhouse, the temperature difference should be 10 ℃ 12 ℃, promote the differentiation of fruiting body primordium, and the temperature in the shed can be controlled at 12 ℃ 18 mol; after most of the primordium appears, the temperature difference can be reduced appropriately and the temperature in the greenhouse can be increased to 1420 ℃. When the temperature in the shed exceeds 25 ℃, cooling measures should be taken immediately, and when the temperature is lower than 12 ℃, the temperature should be increased and kept warm. After picking a tide of mushrooms, we should concentrate on cleaning the material surface, remove dead mushrooms, mushroom roots and sundries, and continue to produce mushrooms under temperature control by the above methods.

(3) humidity control

After the bacteria bag enters the shed code wall, the air humidity in the shed is controlled at 85% Mel 95%. When it exceeds 95%, it must be ventilated to reduce humidity. When it is lower than 85%, space water can be sprayed according to the collective situation to achieve the purpose of maintaining air humidity. After picking mushrooms every day, water can be deposited in fine mist on the material surface of the bacterial bag and young buds, and the specific water management should be determined according to the actual situation in the shed, generally spraying less water in cloudy and rainy days and more water in sunny days.

(4) ventilation

Xiuzhen mushroom is an aerobic fungus, so enough oxygen should be given in the fruiting body growth stage, and poor ventilation often leads to abnormal mushrooms. But ventilation must be coordinated with temperature and humidity. After each spray of water, ventilation must be carried out, otherwise it can easily lead to high temperature, high humidity and ventilation time depending on the specific conditions. The bacterial wall should not be too high, and the bacterial bag of the general code wall is about 10 layers, which is conducive to air circulation.

(5) Light

Xiuzhen mushroom is not light-loving bacteria, but after fruiting body primordium differentiation, appropriate light stimulation is given, and the intensity is generally controlled at 300-600LUX, so that the handwriting of books can be seen clearly in the mushroom room (shed). The strong light is not easy to form primordium, or the fruiting body with thick and short stalk and difficult to develop cover can be formed. Long-term placement in dark mushroom houses will seriously affect the formation of primordia.

(6) Post-harvest management

Every time after picking a tide of mushrooms, we should concentrate on cleaning the fabric, remove dead mushrooms, mushroom roots, sundries, seal and raise bacteria for 5 days to enter the management of lower tide mushrooms. After adopting Erchao mushroom, you can inject nutrient solution (formula: 50 kg of water, 1% of ammonium sulfate, 0.3% of urea, 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.15% of magnesium sulfate, 1% of glucose, 1% triacontanol and 30ml). After water injection, pay attention to heat preservation and moisturization, so that the mycelium can be fully restored.

5. Pest control

During the emergence period of Xiuzhen mushroom, the common miscellaneous bacteria are green Trichoderma, Penicillium, Mucor, Alternaria rubricum and so on. The prevention and control of miscellaneous bacteria mainly depends on ensuring the aseptic operation of inoculation. the culture room must be well ventilated, the air is fresh, and the surrounding environment is clean and tidy. In addition, 1000 times of carbendazim powder can be added to the culture material to play a protective role.

The growth stage of the fruiting body may also cause insect pests, and the serious hazards are mushroom mosquitoes and mushroom flies, which can be controlled by 1000 times diluted with 50% cypermethrin. The spraying time should be selected in the tide turning period to avoid drug damage caused by the fruiting body. In the process of spraying, the front and back of the bacterial bag, the shed, the corner of the room and the periphery must be sprayed at the same time, preferably at 1-3 pm when the weather is fine, and no water should be sprayed within 3 days after spraying, so as to prolong the efficacy.