Causes and control of dead mushrooms in the cultivation of Agaricus blazei Murrill

Agaricus blazei Murrill (Agaricusblazei-murrill), also known as Brazilian mushroom, has developed rapidly in artificial cultivation in the past two years. Agaricus blazei mushroom shrinks, turns yellow and finally dies in Agaricus blazei Murrill cultivation. The main reasons are as follows. In view of the reasons, timely measures can be taken to avoid causing greater losses.

1 the temperature is too high

The high temperature of more than 30 ℃ in the mushroom shed for several days, coupled with poor ventilation, is easy to cause dead mushrooms. Prevention and control measures: during the mushroom period, we should pay close attention to the change of air temperature, control the greenhouse temperature according to the air temperature, timely ventilation, and strictly prevent the occurrence of high temperature in the shed.

2 poor ventilation

Poor ventilation in the mushroom shed, lack of oxygen, excessive concentration of carbon dioxide, easy to braise dead mushroom buds; if you encounter high temperature, the dead mushroom is even more serious. Prevention and control measures: combined with weather changes, pay attention to ventilation, 2-3 times a day, when the temperature is high, ventilation should be strengthened. Be careful not to blow a large amount of air directly to the mushroom buds when ventilating.

(3) improper water spraying

The overlying soil layer does not replenish water in time (spray mushroom water), the temperature of spraying water is too low when mushroom is produced, or too much water is sprayed when replenishing water and moisturizing; in addition, too much water is sprayed at high temperature, the humidity of mushroom shed is more than 95%, poor ventilation, etc., are easy to make mushroom buds die. Prevention and control measures: spray humidification should adhere to less spray, spray frequently, prevent spraying too much, strictly prevent infiltration into the material. Water spraying should be combined with temperature control for ventilation and ventilation.

4 mushroom production is too dense

The culture material is too thin or dry, the soil cover is too thin, and the water management is not in place after the mycelium grows and covers the soil, which are easy to cause abnormal mushroom production, weak mycelium viability and too dense mushroom production.

5 the position of mushroom is too high.

The covering soil is too little and meets the high temperature, which causes the mushroom to produce too dense, the covering soil is too thin, and the primordium is not mature enough to grow out of the soil surface. After covering the soil, the water of mushroom is not ejected in time, which leads to the upward emergence of mycelium, the increase of mushroom position, and can also cause some dead mushrooms. Prevention and control measures: after covering the soil, the temperature should be controlled to maintain the appropriate humidity of the soil layer.

6 malnutrition

Simply increasing nitrogen source or replacing dung with forage leads to the loss of balance of carbon to nitrogen ratio, resulting in dead mushrooms; reduction of the amount of culture materials, lack of nutrition in the later stage of mushroom production, and over-ripe compost or too long composting time, resulting in insufficient nutrition, insufficient composting time, insufficient feed temperature, and nutrients are not fully decomposed and transformed, which can cause nutritional disorders and dead mushrooms. Prevention and control methods: the culture materials should be prepared in strict accordance with the requirements of the formula, maintain a suitable ratio of carbon to nitrogen, and be stacked and fermented according to the requirements.

7 mycelium senescence

Too many generations of mother seed tube reproduction, too high temperature of strain production, improper preservation or too long preservation time can cause silk aging, and it is easy to die after mushroom. Prevention and control measures: excellent bacteria should be selected, suitable conditions for seedling growth and development should be created, high temperature culture and preservation should be strictly prevented, and sowing should be used in time.

8. Disease and pest damage

Diseases and insect pests or improper use of drugs can cause dead mushrooms. During mushroom cultivation, it is inevitable to have some diseases and insect pests; however, the misuse of pesticides in the process of pest control can also lead to the failure of cultivation. During the period of mushroom production, biological control or trapping methods should be adopted for the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests as far as possible, so as not to cause drug residues and affect the quality of goods. In the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, we should adhere to the principle that prevention is more important than treatment and comprehensive control, and strive for early detection and treatment.

9 Mechanical injury

Careless operation when picking mushrooms, damage to the surrounding young mushrooms, is also one of the reasons for the death of mushrooms. Prevention and control measures: when harvesting should be light rotation, light picking, try to avoid damage to the surrounding young mushrooms.

In a word, after the reason analysis is clear, we hope that the cultivation farmers can seriously learn the lesson, arrange the production season reasonably, choose the cultivation method carefully, select the excellent cultivation material reasonably, select the excellent strain carefully, carefully regulate the temperature of mushroom production, and promote the emergence of mushroom bud in time. Improve management, control diseases and insect pests, rational use of drugs, so as to achieve high quality and high yield.