Common diseases of Pleurotus ostreatus and their control
Pleurotus ostreatus is a kind of rare mushroom product which is very popular in domestic and foreign markets in recent years, but due to the occurrence of many diseases and insect pests, the growers often fail to accurately identify symptoms and pathogens, and blindly use chemical pesticides to treat the mushroom body, resulting in the damage of mushroom body. the cultivation benefit is poor. The symptoms, pathogens and control measures of common infectious diseases are introduced as follows:
First, the fruiting body affected by brown rot stops growing, and the cap and stalk rot and stink. The pathogen is Alternaria verrucosa, which is mainly caused by the transmission of contaminated water or contact with hands and tools of diseased mushrooms. Prevention and control measures: (1) do a good job in disinfection of mushroom shed. (2) the water used during mushroom production should be clean and ventilated. (3) timely removal and destruction of injured mushrooms, increase ventilation and reduce humidity in the shed. (4) spray bacteria bag with 50 times solution of streptomycin to avoid recurrence of disease.
Second, the mushroom body affected by soft rot bent and collapsed, and finally withered and shrunk. The pathogen is Fusarium solanum, which has a high incidence under the condition of high temperature and humidity. Prevention and control measures: (1) exposure of raw materials, sterilization of bacterial bags thoroughly. (2) the choice of vaccination should be carried out when the temperature is low. (3) before opening the bacterial bag, spray and sterilize with 1000 times of dichlorvos EC. After opening, the temperature is controlled at 23 ℃ ~ 25 ℃, and the space relative humidity is controlled at 80%. (4) when the young mushroom occurs, the supernatant of lime water with pH 8 can be sprayed, or 1500 times of triazole copper EC can be sprayed.
Third, the stalk of diseased mushroom shrinks and dries up, rudimentary, withered, but does not rot. The pathogen is Fusarium oxysporum. The disease is easy to occur when the quality of the culture material is poor or the loading sterilization time is long. Prevention and control measures: (1) fresh and high quality culture materials are required. (2) sterilization in time after bagging. (3) to prevent the burning of bacteria at high temperature and direct sunlight during the germicidal period. (4) once the disease occurs, it should be harvested in advance, and the base material of the affected part should be dug out in time and sprayed and disinfected.
Fourth, the fruiting body of the victim of mildew rot appears moldy, blackened, rotten and smells of ammonia. The pathogen is Trichoderma viride, which is often caused by incomplete sterilization. Prevention and control measures: (1) pay attention to the disinfection of mushroom shed and surrounding environment. (2) strictly carry out aseptic operation. (3) after the disease, remove the disease bag and disinfect the mushroom shed in time.
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Mushrooms appear on the side of the bag and there are many deformities
In the process of sterilization, the bacterial bags squeeze each other and the round bags are deformed, resulting in a gap between the cultivation material and the bag, which provides air and space for the twisting of hyphae. Coupled with low temperature, light stimulation and mechanical stimulation (such as inverted bag, etc.), the hyphae on the side of the bag were twisted to form primordia and developed into fruiting bodies. Due to the limitation of plastic bags, this kind of mushroom is all deformed. If this happens, the mushroom bud should be pinched in time to stop its growth, so as not to cause more waste of nutrition. The fruiting body is small and the commodity rate is low:
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Six key points for High yield and High quality cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus
Golden Pleurotus ostreatus, also known as Lobayi mushroom, large white mushroom, known as white matsutake in Japan, is a rare edible fungus that leads the market in summer. Its fruiting body is clustered, thick, thick, fresh and white, crisp and tender meat, excellent flavor, rich nutrition, known as the outstanding among the mushrooms with excellent taste and quality. in addition, it is especially favored when it is on the market when there is a shortage of mushrooms in summer. In Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hangzhou and other places, the price per kilogram of fresh mushrooms is 14,18 yuan, the benefit is very considerable, is a very promising rare mushroom species. The following introduces the "six keys" for the cultivation of high yield and high quality of Pleurotus ostreatus
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