Cultivation points of Wild Mushroom

Wild mushroom is a dominant domesticated species popularized and planted in our county in recent years, with unique flavor and rich nutrition.

I. preparation, preparation and fermentation of culture materials

1. Culture material preparation

The main materials of the culture material are wheat straw (or cottonseed shell) and cow dung, which are required to be dry and fresh without mildew. Auxiliary materials are urea, wheat bran, gypsum, calcium superphosphate, lime and so on.

two。 Formula of culture material (100 square meters)

Dry cow dung 1500 kg, calcium superphosphate 25 kg, gypsum 25 kg, wheat straw (or cottonseed shell) 1000 kg or 1500 kg, urea 10 kg, lime 10 kg.

3. Culture material fermentation

① pre-heap will soak the forage to absorb water and soak it thoroughly, and build the heap after two days of stacking.

② pile on the clean ground sprinkled with a little lime, and then spread a layer of 20 cm thick forage, will be crushed cow dung, urea, calcium superphosphate and other auxiliary materials mixed on the forage, thickness of about 5 cm, so repeatedly built about 2 meters wide, 1.5 meters high pile, covered with plastic film after heat preservation and moisturizing fermentation.

On the 6th day after ③ pile turning, the temperature in the reactor was 60: 70 ℃, and lime was added to adjust the moisture in the reactor. Turn the pile for 4 or 5 times in turn, and if there are insect pests, you can carry out insecticidal treatment until the maturity of the culture material reaches the cultivation quality standard. At this time, the water content of the culture material is 60%-70%, the water can be seen by hand, but no water drips out, the pH value is 7.7-8, and there is no bad smell.

Second, sowing seeds

1. Pre-broadcast preparation

Before sowing, thoroughly disinfect the bedstead, mushroom floor and walls with lime water or 6% liquid alkali water.

two。 Culture materials go to bed

The culture material goes to bed with a thickness of 10 cm to 15 cm, leveling the bed surface, and spraying about 50 grams of mushroom strengthening agent (100 kg per packet of water) before sowing in order to increase the yield.

3. Sowing seeds

When the feed temperature is stable below 28 ℃ and the air temperature is below 30 ℃, sowing or hole sowing or strip sowing should be carried out according to the dosage of 750ml / 0.25m2. Sow evenly, pat flat and cover the culture material to ensure humidity.

Third, the management of bacteria in the material layer

1. Ventilation and ventilation

If the climate is relatively dry, it is mainly moisturizing within 2-3 days after sowing, that is, closing the window or small ventilation, and the ventilation can be gradually increased after the mycelium is put on the material layer on the 7th day. If the bed surface is too dry, water can be sprayed indirectly to promote the growth of mycelium.

two。 Pry material fermentation

After 10 days of mycelium growth, because the material is too wet or the ventilation condition is poor, the growth rate is slow, double-toothed Harrow can be used to insert from the bed surface to the bottom of the bed, pry the material layer 1 or 2 times, improve the ventilation condition and promote the mycelium to grow downward.

3. Pest control

Eliminate diseases and insect pests in time before covering soil, and improve the quality and yield of mushrooms.

4. Cover the soil

1. Selection of soil cover

It is better to cover loam with organic matter content of more than 1.5%.

two。 Soil covering period and thickness

When most of the mycelium extends to the bottom of the bed, it is the suitable time for soil mulching. First cover the coarse soil 2.5cm, then cover the fine soil 10cm every 10 days or so.

3. Water transfer of overlying soil layer

Generally, the water is transferred from 1 to 2 days after the coarse soil is covered, and the water is transferred continuously for 3 times. In terms of water consumption, the water consumption is light at both ends and heavy in the middle, and the water is transferred to 3.5 kg / m2 on the first day. The water was transferred to 5 kg / m2 on the second day, 3 kg / m3 on the 3rd day, and 18% to 20% on the 3rd day. After 2 days of covering fine soil, the water was transferred to 5 kg / m2. When the mycelium grows to the fine soil surface, strengthen the ventilation, then cover the second semi-dry and semi-wet fine soil, divert 2.5 kg / m2 of water and spray frequently.

5. Management of mushroom production period

1. Water management

The water management of mushroom period depends on the water transfer of mushroom, and it should be flexibly mastered according to the dry and wet condition of culture material and soil layer, weather change and so on. Generally, when the mushroom body is the size of soybeans, adjust the heavy water once. Enter the peak of mushroom production without transferring water. At the end of mushroom emergence, according to the dry humidity of the soil layer, the bed surface should be properly replenished with water, and the water should not be transferred at low tide. Air water should be sprayed on the bed surface during the period of water stoppage to increase the relative humidity, which is beneficial to the development of fruit body.

two。 Ventilation and ventilation

Ventilation should be combined with moisturizing during mushroom emergence, especially in the early stage with high temperature, more mushroom production and exuberant breathing. It is necessary to strengthen the ventilation of the mushroom room, reduce the room temperature, maintain a suitable temperature and humidity, and ensure the normal growth of mushrooms.

3. Get rid of old roots and dead mushrooms

After picking mushrooms, remove dead mushrooms and old roots in time, and fill the moist fine soil in the hole in time to ensure the normal growth of mycelium and the next batch of mushrooms.

4. Spray mushroom strengthening agent

During the period of mushroom emergence, when each tide mushroom fruiting body, such as rice grain to soybean size, can be sprayed with water spray twice, the dosage is 50g / m2, to promote its metabolism and increase the yield.

5. Prevent the death of mushrooms at high temperature

During the period of mushroom production, when the temperature in the mushroom room is above 22 ℃ for several consecutive days, the young mushrooms will die. It is necessary to strengthen ventilation, improve the vitality of mushrooms and reduce dead mushrooms.

VI. Harvest

According to the mushroom type, temperature and nutrients, the wild mushroom should be harvested in time before it is dispersed to ensure the quality of the mushroom.