Cultivation techniques of Kate Apricot in simple plastic greenhouse

The mature period of Kate apricot cultivation in simple plastic greenhouse is 30-40 days earlier than that in open field, and the economic benefit is increased by 15-20 times.

1. The structure of the simple plastic greenhouse is a north-south arch greenhouse with a span of 10 meters, a length of 60 meters, a roof height of 2.5 meters and a shoulder height of 1.5 meters. Reinforced concrete columns are used as columns and bamboo poles are used as arches and suspended beams. A total of 5 rows of columns, the main column between the rows of 2.5 meters. The distance between the side columns and the middle three rows of columns is 1 meter and 3 meters respectively. A suspension beam is arranged above the middle three rows of columns, and a 20 cm suspension column is placed on the suspension beam every 1 meter between each two columns. Gong Ke is erected on the side posts and hanging posts every 1 meter. Non-dripping film is selected for greenhouse film, and the width and width of greenhouse film press stubble each other. Press with a film pressing line in the center of every 2 arch frames, and open a gap between the two greenhouse film stubble on the shoulder of the shed during ventilation.

two。 The soil condition of cultivation and management technology is sandy loam with good drainage and irrigation system, the content of organic matter is 0.60%-0.78%, and the pH value is 7.1-7.3. The main variety was Kate apricot, Italy No. 1 was used as pollination tree, the proportion was 5 ∶ 1. The planting density was planned to be closely planted, and the row spacing was 1.0 m × 2.5 m. With the continuous expansion of the crown, when the crown was closed, the interplant thinning changed into a row spacing of 2 m × 2.5 m. Small trunk sparse layer shape or natural happy tree shape is selected for shaping and pruning. For the convenience of management, the fixed stem can be raised appropriately, but not more than 50 cm. Three or six strong branches were selected as the main branches. The height of the tree should be controlled 30cm below the greenhouse film. Pruning is mainly in the growing season. Reasonable sprouting was carried out on the missing branches before sprouting. During the sprouting period, the dense buds and dorsal buds were wiped off in time, and the main branches or large branches with too small angle were pulled into 60 °to 70 °. When the new shoot grows to 15cm to 20cm, cut the tip and pick the heart in time to limit the growth and improve the illumination of the tree. After fruit picking, the drooping branches, overdense branches, crossed branches and overlapping branches were thinned, and the weak branches were retracted. In autumn, we continue to open the branches and pick the hearts of the excessively long autumn shoots to promote the maturity of the branches. Light pruning is mainly used in winter, too dense branches, disease and insect branches, thin and weak branches are removed, and too high and large fruiting branches are retracted. except for long fruit trees more than 50 cm long, medium and short fruit trees are generally not short. The appropriate time to buckle the shed and uncover the shed is late December. At the end of April, the daily average temperature was more than 15 ℃, and the fruit was almost ripe. The plastic film mulching of the tree plate 20-30 days before the buckle shed can keep the ground temperature high and underwater, and avoid the adverse effects of high air temperature and low ground temperature on the growth and development of the tree. Generally, plastic film mulching 20-30 days before buckling shed can increase the soil temperature in the early stage after buckling shed by 2-3 ℃. The temperature of simple plastic greenhouse should be 10: 20 ℃ at budding stage, 12: 23 ℃ at flowering stage, 15: 24 ℃ at young fruit stage, 12: 28 ℃ at fruit expansion stage, 22: 32 ℃ at fruit ripening stage. The temperature can be adjusted by opening and closing air vents. After the soil, fertilizer, water and humidity management buckled the shed, each plant was applied 0.5 kilogram of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer, poured enough water at the same time, and sprayed the tree crown with 5% urea to improve the nutrition level of the tree and the relative humidity in the greenhouse. 0.3% borax was sprayed during flowering. After fruit setting, hard kernel stage and fruit expansion stage, easy bioorganic fertilizer was sprayed for 3 times to enhance stress resistance, increase fruit setting rate and reduce physiological fruit drop. During the fruit expansion period, potassium sulfate was applied 0.20-0.25 kg per plant combined with watering to increase the number of fruits and improve fruit quality. In August and September, 50 kg of organic fertilizer was applied per plant to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and improve the storage nutrition level of the tree.

Flower and fruit management

① artificial pollination. The air relative humidity in the greenhouse is high, the pollen is not easy to spread, there are few pollinating insects, and the natural fruit setting rate of Kate apricot is low, so artificial pollination should be carried out at 8: 11 a.m. after flowering.

② is strict in fruit thinning. If Kate apricots set too much fruit, the tree will easily weaken. The amount of fruit retained should be determined according to tree age, tree strength and fruit-bearing branch. generally, there are 3-4 fruits in long-fruit branches, 2-3 fruits in medium-fruit branches, 1-2 fruits or no fruit in short fruit branches. Fruit thinning is usually carried out about 20 days after flowering. The application of growth regulators due to the high planting density and rapid growth of Kate apricot in the plastic greenhouse, controlling prosperity and promoting flowers has become the key to protected cultivation. The effect of using paclobutrazol to control the crown is better. Using method, young prosperous trees were sprayed with 300 times 15% paclobutrazol twice in mid-late July. Spraying 5-degree stone-sulfur mixture once a week after buckling shed, spraying 3-degree stone-sulfur mixture before sprouting to control overwintering diseases and insect pests. Spray aphid lice once in flowering period to clean Ganisolang to eliminate aphids and red spiders. Depending on the situation of diseases and insect pests in the growing season, you can spray insecticidal and fungicides for 1 or 2 times.