Comprehensive Control of mildew pollution of Pleurotus ostreatus

Pleurotus ostreatus, also known as Pleurotus ostreatus, is delicious and nutritious, and enjoys a high reputation in the international market. In recent years, the mushroom industry in our county has developed rapidly, but mold pollution is common, light ones reduce production, heavy ones have no harvest. Therefore, whether it can effectively prevent mold pollution is the key to improve the quality and yield of Pleurotus ostreatus.

1. Types and damage of molds

In the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus, the common contaminated molds are Trichoderma, Penicillium, Alternaria and Aspergillus. This kind of mold propagates rapidly under the conditions of high temperature, high humidity and poor ventilation, and forms green, turquoise, orange, yellow or black mold on the surface of the culture material in the later stage. At this time, the mold competes with the mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus for nutrition, and some secrete toxins, which affect the growth and development of Pleurotus ostreatus, among which Trichoderma is the most serious.

2. Pollution mode

2.1 pollution of culture materials. The formula of the culture material is improper, the humidity of the culture medium is too high, and the sterilization is not thorough.

2.2 inoculation pollution. The bacteria type is uncomfortable, the strain is not pure, the viability is poor, the inoculation environment is unhygienic, the inoculation mode is improper, and the common mold pollution around the inoculation block. When the inoculation amount is less than 5%-10%, the growth advantage of Pleurotus ostreatus is not obvious, and the mold will also infect and reproduce.

2.3 bag hole pollution. The plastic bag is brittle, there are micropores or mechanical damage, miscellaneous bacteria enter by the gap, and soon form an obvious pollution center.

2.4 cultivate pollution. This situation is often shown in the poor air permeability of bag bacteria, and the environment of high temperature and humidity is suitable for mold reproduction.

3. Comprehensive prevention and control measures

To ensure the normal growth and development of Pleurotus ostreatus, to achieve the goal of high quality and high yield, we should give priority to prevention and comprehensive control.

3.1 correct selection and handling of culture materials. Before mixing, the raw material should be exposed to the hot sun for 4 days to reduce miscellaneous bacteria in the material. 0.2% carbendazim is used to sterilize the mixture, or 0.1% thiophanate methyl and 0.1% carbendazim can be used to mix the mixture.

3.2 strict control of vaccination. High quality and suitable strains are the basis of successful cultivation. When the seed was selected, the age of bacteria was 25ml / 35d, the hyphae were dense and white, there was no stagnant water or falling off the wall, no fruiting body primordium was formed, and there was no pollution. With suitable raw materials and high-quality bacteria, it is also necessary to maintain the cleanliness and hygiene of vaccination sites, tools and vaccination personnel to prevent transmission of infection.

3.3 protect the cultivation bag. The quality of plastic bags for cultivation should be good, and the thickness should be uniform. Avoid using sharp items, the ground that the bag touches should be smooth, handle gently when moving, and the utensils should be smooth or cushioned. Tools and hands need to be disinfected when handling.

3.4 correct training and management. The inoculated bacteria bag was placed in 15ml / 25 ℃ to distribute bacteria. When the temperature is about 20 ℃ and the air relative humidity is 85%, the mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus grows rapidly, and miscellaneous bacteria are not easy to occur. If the temperature reaches 28 ℃, the relative humidity of the air is more than 95%, and the ph is 3.5 ml 6.0, it will cause the growth advantage of miscellaneous bacteria such as Trichoderma and Penicillium. If it is found that there is more water at the bottom of the bag, it can be punctured and drained in time, and the position of the bag can be changed, otherwise the mold will be contaminated quickly. In addition, the mycelium should be ventilated regularly during mycelium culture to maintain normal temperature and humidity to ensure the normal growth of mycelium.

3.5 Scientific use of medicine. Often check the bacterial bag, mold pollution should be dealt with in time, so as not to spread. When the mold spot occurs, inject 1% of chlorpromazine into the affected area. The pollution is more serious and appears as a local flake, so you can first dig up the mold and spray 5% of the limewater in the affected area. Those with serious pollution should be cleaned up in time and buried in deep holes.