Efficient cultivation techniques of rotation of ginger and spring onions

Ginger has a special spicy flavor because it contains gingerol, gingerone and gingerol, and it is a seasoning vegetable widely used by the people. at present, the annual volume of ginger has exceeded 400000 tons, and the export momentum is very good. Green onion is a tonnage vegetable exported to Japan, so it is of great practical significance to study the efficient cultivation techniques of these two kinds of vegetables. After years of exploration and research, we have come to a set of efficient rotation technology.

1 precocious cultivation techniques of ginger in greenhouse (former)

1.1 Variety selection

Shandong big leaf ginger (Shandong turmeric, Shandong turmeric). Every year Frosts Descent buys back to plant ginger the week before, and carries out fumigating ginger to promote sprouting around December 20 of the lunar calendar. Before budding, fine picking should be carried out, and ginger pieces that are fat, flat, shiny, non-dry, unfrozen, free from scars, and free from diseases and insect pests should be selected. The selected ginger will be sunny before budding, and stop drying when the ginger meat becomes dry, white and slightly wrinkled. Seed drying is beneficial to reduce the moisture and increase the temperature of ginger, and to sprout neatly. 667 square meters of ginger 1000kg is used in the field.

1.2 smoked ginger to accelerate sprouting

Sprouting is generally accelerated with smoked ginger room, a bamboo bed with a height of 80cm, ginger is planted on the bed, and charcoal is used to heat it under the bed. The temperature was controlled at about 25 ℃, budding for 35-40 days, only 1-2 strong buds were left in each piece, and the excess ginger buds were wiped off at the same time.

1.3 Application of basic fertilizer for soil preparation

Ginger roots are weak, afraid of both drought and waterlogging, and avoid continuous cropping. The cultivation land should choose sandy loam with higher topography, convenient drainage and irrigation, deep, loose and fertile soil. If there are conditions, it is best to dig deep into the soil, sunburn and weathering before winter. In greenhouse cultivation, a bamboo greenhouse with a width of 6m and 8m should be built and plastic film should be fastened 30 days before planting, and the soil should be turned deep once, so as to increase the ground temperature and reduce the soil water content, and dig the drainage ditch between the greenhouse. In the first ten days of February, rotten pig manure fertilizer 4000kg, potassium sulfate ternary compound fertilizer 50kg and calcium superphosphate 50kg were applied as base fertilizer.

1.4 planting density and method

The planting period was in the middle of February, and the beds were made before planting, with wide 150cm and furrow width 80cm. Put the ginger flat in the planting ditch, and the ginger bud tilted slightly downward to facilitate the emergence of new roots at the lower end of the ginger. The planting depth was 15cm, 667 square meters, and about 9000 plants were planted. After planting, put a small amount of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and pour enough water, and then flatten the border surface and cover the plastic film to facilitate water retention and heat preservation.

1.5 Field (greenhouse) management

① temperature management ginger before emergence, do a good job of heat preservation, you can build a small arch shed, after emergence, break the membrane to introduce seedlings in time, so as not to burn young stems and leaves. The small arch shed should pay attention to the day and night cover, and the ventilation management of the greenhouse depends on the weather conditions. It is appropriate to keep the temperature at 25: 30 ℃. When the temperature exceeds 30 ℃, it is necessary to cool down to prevent overgrowth.

After ② water management, the soil should be properly dried in order to increase the soil temperature and promote the growth of seedlings and roots. During the whole growth period from seedling to harvest, keep the soil moist, but avoid excessive moisture and stagnant water, so as not to cause excessive plant growth and disease.

③ ventilation shade ginger like shade, can not tolerate strong direct sunlight, scattered light is more beneficial to growth. Greenhouse cultivation can cover the sunshade net outside the greenhouse film before noon every day after late June.

Soil cultivation in ④ and fertilizer and water management combined with topdressing were carried out twice, the first in early April, the second around April 25, and the topdressing of ternary compound fertilizer 40~50kg in 667 square meters each time.

The method of soil disinfection was used to control ginger blast by ⑤, which could be sprayed with 1300 times of 20% Yekuning solution in the growing period, once every 7 days for 3 times, or irrigated with 5% copper sulfate or 72% agricultural streptomycin 3000 × 4000 times.

The main pest of ginger is ginger borer, which can be treated with Regent, Nongdile and other insecticides. The control usually begins in the middle and late May, once every 10 days, for a total of 2 times.

1.6 harvesting

The harvest of tender ginger usually begins on March 20, the peak harvest period is in June, and the harvest of a large number of ginger is completed at the end of June, but the harvest ends in the middle of July.

(2) cultivation techniques of green onions (later cropping)

2.1 selection of varieties

Jinchang 3, a Japanese variety with good texture and long green onion, was selected as the main variety.

2.2 sowing and raising seedlings

According to the additional standard of every 667m2 field, 66.7m2 seedling field was prepared and sown with 0.15kg seeds. Sowing method was adopted to sow sparse seeds as far as possible. The sowing date was set in early May. The seedbed was poured with enough bottom water, and then covered with soil and covered with straw. After emergence, selective admission was carried out, diseased seedlings were removed, weeds in the field were removed, and watered once with thin human feces and urine.

2.3 site preparation and planting

After the former ginger was harvested, all the sundries in the field were cleared and ploughed and arranged without applying base fertilizer. The rows were sprayed with common fungicides before planting and planted at the end of July. Row spacing 45~50cm, plant spacing 5cm. When planting, the spreading leaves between plants should be parallel and should not be crossed, so as not to affect the growth of plants in the future.

2.4 Field management

① fertilization is not only an important agricultural operation for the growth of green onions, but also the key technology for the formation of product organs. The principle of soil cultivation is: the front is low and then high, do not immerse yourself in the leaves and do not hurt the roots. And choose to cultivate the soil on a sunny day. Fertilization is diazo, potassium, phosphorus. However, because the former crop is ginger and a certain amount of fertilizer has not been used in the field, the green onion as the later crop can only carry out the following operations: due to the high temperature in the early stage and the slow growth of green onions, the first weeding and ploughing and soil cultivation was carried out in mid-September, and 10kg compound fertilizer was applied in 667m2, and 10~15kg was used in 667m2 in the second time in early October. The third time in mid-November, combined with Gao Peitu, 667 square meters of urea 7~8kg.

After the prevention and control of ginger diseases and insect pests, the diseases and insect pests of green onions are not serious, and the common diseases are rust and purple spot. ② EC can be used to control 4,000,000 times of Foxing EC, 1500 times of world height, 1500 times of 15% triadimefon, 80% of Dashang 45 wettable powder and 72% of Kelou. The common pest is onion thrips, which can be controlled with 5% Regent suspension 2000-2500 times.

2.5 timely harvest

When the spring onion grows to about 30cm and the stem is thick 1.8~2.2cm, it is the best time to harvest, usually before and after New Year's Day, and before the Spring Festival, the ginger is cultivated in the following year. If it is for export, it should be harvested according to the standards of the importing country, so that the onions can grow to more than 35cm and be packaged by grades at the same time.

(3) composition of output value

3.1 greenhouse ginger

Production cost: bamboo 1000kg, 600 yuan; plastic film 32kg, 400 yuan; skirt, 40 yuan; ginger 1000kg, 2400 yuan; fertilizer, 1000 yuan; domestic helpers, 10 days, 500 yuan. The total is 4940 yuan.

The average output value of 667m2 is 14.00yuan / kg in the beginning period, and 6.00yuan / kg in the middle of July. The average output value of 667m2 over the years is about 14000 yuan, with a maximum of 18000,20000 yuan.

3.2 Welsh onions

Production cost of 667 square meters: 300 yuan for seeds, 250 yuan for fertilizers, 250 yuan for domestic helpers for 5 days. The total is 800 yuan.

Output value of 667m2: the average output of 667m2 is 6000kg, the highest is 7500kg, the average unit price over the years is 0.50RMB / kg, and the highest has been 0.90RMB / kg. The average output value of 667 square meters is 3000 yuan.

3.3 output value of rotation of ginger and spring onions

The annual output value of 667square meters is 17000 yuan, after deducting the cost of 5740 yuan, 667square meters can make a profit of 11260 yuan.