Growth habits and cultivation techniques of Taxus mairei

Taxus mairei, also known as Taxus mairei, is an endangered species and a national first-class protected plant. Because of its huge medicinal function and strong ornamental value, it has become a universally recognized plant gold. Since December 2002, after the national ban on commercial use of wild yew, artificial cultivation of yew has become the only way for the sustainable development of paclitaxel industry, but also an important measure to effectively protect wild resources, with broad prospects.

1. Growth habits

Taxus chinensis var. mairei has the characteristics of cold resistance, shade, dampness, fertilizer, drought, flooding, high temperature and a wide range of soil adaptation. Dormant period can withstand the low temperature of-42 ℃, no frost damage, buried in heavy snow without falling leaves. The growth slows down when the summer temperature exceeds 30 ℃, and stops as the temperature continues to rise.

Taxus cuspidata grows slowly, the plant height is about 2m in 14 years, and the trunk diameter increases 0.2cm every year. Under better cultivation conditions, 2-year-old cuttings were planted for 5 years, and the plant height was more than 1 m.

Taxus mairei dioecious, red fruit and green leaves, evergreen in the four seasons, green in the growing season, dark green in the dormant period. On the north side of the Great Wall, the flowers and fruits were not seen until the 2-year-old cuttings were planted for 4 years, the flowering period was from early April to late April, and the fruit ripening period was from mid-August to early September.

2. Cultivation techniques.

2.1 woodland selection and land preparation: select loam with close to water source, flat terrain, good drainage and fertile soil. The afforestation land was deeply turned over and raked flat to make a wide 133cm border.

2.2 planting density: the density varies with different uses. Bonsai production should be closely planted with 4000 plants per mu and row spacing 33cmX50cm. The production of engineering seedlings for greening and medicinal forests should be sparsely planted, with 2000 plants per mu and row spacing of 50cmX66.7cm. After 5 years of planting, go every other way, sell or transplant. There are 1000 plants left per mu, and the row spacing becomes 50cmXl33cm. In order to cultivate large-scale engineering seedlings, we can go to another plant in the future.

2.3 transplanting seedlings: select 2-year-old cuttage seedlings for transplanting. Soak the seedling bed before raising seedlings, plane the seedlings with picks, bring some soil when pulling seedlings and maintain the integrity of the root system, so as to ensure a higher survival rate. The seedlings are transplanted in the border, and the roots are watered.

3. Tending and management

3.1 ploughing and weeding for 3 times.

3. Topdressing urea with 10kg per mu in 25th, topdressing and watering. When applying stable manure in autumn, sheep manure is the best, topdressing once in 2-3 years, 1.5 tons per mu.

3.3 Water was watered during drought in spring and autumn. Remember: do not be a hard gardener "sweat watering" (too many watering times, too much water is the main reason for the failure of potted yew).

3.4 shading: 70% shading net can be used to shade the sun, or fruit and medicine can be intercropped. Since Taxus mairei is planted between the rows of fruit trees, fruit trees should be cultivated east-west. It can also be intercropped with grain and medicine, such as planting 1 row of corn and planting 2 Mel 3 rows of Taxus mairei, requiring corn to be tall varieties, such as Nongda 3138, closely planted from east to west. There is no need to shade the cultivation of the green belt between the buildings of the residential district and a small amount of cultivation behind the houses of farmers.

3.5 Taxus mairei branches are tough and soft, do not rebound after taking branches, suitable for modeling, can be properly pruned, made into various shapes, and cultivated bonsai.

After 9 years of cultivation of Taxus cuspidata, no diseases and insect pests were found.