Artificial cultivation techniques of Taxus mairei

Northeast yew (Taxuscuspidatesieb.etZucc.), also known as yew, red cypress pine, Zhu wood, rice tree. It is a Taxus plant of the genus Taxaceae of Taxus in Taxaceae. Evergreen trees, shady species. Distributed in southeastern Jilin Province, eastern Heilongjiang Province and eastern Liaoning Province. Japan, Korea and Russia (far East) are also distributed. There is a very small amount of distribution in Zhongshan plant resources area in the middle of Ji'an City. Between 600m and 1200 m above sea level, humus is well drained in the forest, often mixed with Korean pine, fish-scale spruce, fir, maple birch, maple maple and so on. Taxin can be extracted from the whole plant to treat diabetes. The aril is sweet and edible, and the leaves are poisonous. The growth is slow and the crown is beautiful, so it is a good species for ornamental garden.

I. Land selection and land preparation

Select sandy loam with shady slopes and sparse woodlands with loose, moist and fertile soil and good drainage. Swamps, clay or dry highlands are not suitable for planting. The seedling land should be close to the water source, loose and fertile sandy loam with good drainage, and the land with slight shade is the best. Apply more than 3000 kg of barnyard manure per mu on the selected land, ploughing 25 Mel 30 cm, leveling and raking after ploughing to make a bed with a width of 1.2 m, a height of 15 cm and a length of 10 mi 15 m to be sown.

II. Methods of reproduction

There are two kinds of seed propagation and cutting propagation.

1. Seeds reproduce. The seeds matured from September to October, should be picked in time, scrubbed off the red aril by washing, washed, soaked and stored in wet sand. The seed has a long post-ripening period and has the characteristics of double dormancy, which can only germinate after two winters and one summer. It is best to pick and sow in autumn, spring sowing in mid-and late April, sowing and raising seedlings on the seedbed, horizontal beds with a row spacing of 20 cm, 5 cm shallow trench, uniform sowing, soil covering 2 mi 3 cm, sowing rate 5 ml 10 grams per square meter. Put down a little bit after sowing. Seedlings can emerge more than 20 days after sowing. Shade net is used to shade at the seedling stage, the light transmittance is 20% Mel 30%, the drought should be watered in time, and the seedlings should be weeded and loosened in time.

two。 Cuttage propagation. It takes place at the turn of spring and summer from May to June. From the mother plant of more than 4 years old, the cuttings were cut according to the length of 15 cm, and the survival rate of cuttings with 2-year-old young branches was higher. In order to promote early rooting, the base of cuttings could be immersed in 100ppm's α-Dyleacetic acid or 100ppm indole acetic acid solution for 3 hours, and then inserted into the open-field cuttings of the same size as the seedling bed. Or use vermiculite plus weathered sand (1:1) as the substrate on the cutting bed, cut off the branchlets and needles at the lower part of the cuttings before cutting. The depth of insertion is 3 Mel 5 cm, and the row spacing is 8 × 10 cm. After insertion, pour water thoroughly, insert the bed with a thin film arch cover to protect moisture, spray water twice a day. Spray water once a day after two weeks. Use a shade net to shade and take root a month and a half after insertion. After rooting, it can be transplanted once on the seedling bed, with a row spacing of 30 cm and a plant spacing of 10ml 15 cm. Often watering to keep the soil moist, loosening the soil and weeding until there are no weeds on the border, inorganic or organic fertilizers can be applied properly, and organic fertilizers are better.

3. Planting and cultivation. After 3 years, the seedlings can be planted in Yinshan or flat land according to row spacing of 80 cm and plant spacing of 70 cm. Planting on flat land must apply sufficient stable fertilizer and appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium inorganic fertilizer in the seedling pit. After soaking and disinfecting with carbendazim solution before planting, after the seedlings were implanted into the pit and buried in the soil, the rhizosphere was irrigated with a spoonful of 1000 times solution "Wotuan" and other soil agricultural residue degradants, and then irrigated with fixed root water. After planting 7Mel for 10 days, 97% chlorpromazine 3000 times solution was used to irrigate the rhizosphere to eliminate soil-borne diseases and prevent root diseases such as seedling blight and root rot. 7Mel is irrigated twice a day every 10 days.

III. Field management

Field management should be strengthened after planting.

1. Water it. It should be watered frequently within half a year after planting to keep the soil moist, otherwise, it will affect survival. It should be watered at the right time during the growing period.

two。 Loosen the soil and weed. Weeding is done once in summer and autumn respectively during the growing period. It can also be combined with interplanting dwarf crops so that there are no weeds in the field.

3. Top dressing. Topdressing combined with loosening soil and weeding, applying barnyard manure 5ml 10kg per plant. Circular fertilization was adopted.

4. Shade. In the first year after planting, you must use a shade net to shade. In the second year, you can plant corn and other shading plants. After three years of planting, there is no need for shade.

IV. Harvesting and processing

Generally, some branches and leaves can be harvested for medicinal purposes after growing for more than 5 years, and a large number of branches and leaves can be harvested for medicinal purposes after more than 9 years. After a few years of collection, all the tree trunks can be cut down, the saw segments can be dried in the sun and used as medicine, or even the roots can be used as medicine. The drying rate is 40% and 50%. Quality standard: no moth and rot.