Courtyard Cuttage Seedling of Taxus cuspidata

Taxus cuspidata, alias yew and cypress pine, is a precious medicinal and ornamental tree species, in which paclitaxel is the most effective anticancer drug in the world. Its perennial green, peculiar red fruit and green leaves reflect each other, simple and elegant, strong ornamental; Taxus can also release a variety of alkaloid gas, can sterilize and purify the air, has a certain health care effect. There are broad prospects for development in landscaping, making bonsai and creating green rooms.

The author carried out the experiment of cutting seedlings in the courtyard, cultivated bonsai and afforestation seedlings, and summarized the situation of cutting seedlings as follows.

1 characteristics of cuttage seedling

Compared with seedling, cuttage seedling has the following characteristics.

1.1 blossom and bear fruit early

Because cuttings are taken from big trees, they have big tree genes, and the seedlings cultivated have the same medicinal components as big trees, blossom and bear fruit early, and have high medicinal and bonsai value.

1.2 get out of the nursery quickly

When the cuttings are 15cm in length and 5cm in depth, the height of seedlings can reach 10cm in the same year after survival, the highest annual growth of plants in 2 ~ 4 years can reach 15cm, and the highest in 4 years old is 50cm, so it comes out of the nursery quickly.

1.3 various tree types

The cuttings are of various tree types and can meet different needs. The fan type accounts for the majority of the tree type, while the cluster type and natural happy type account for a few.

1.3.1 the fan-shaped main branches and lateral branches spread in two directions in one plane.

1.3.2 the cluster type has no main branches and sends out multiple branches from the roots.

1.3.3 Natural happy main branches and lateral branches spread in all directions.

(2) cutting mode

2.1 inside the nutrition box

A 12 × 12cm plastic nutrition box was used, and the substrate was humus mixed with a small amount of fine river sand, and the growing square nutrition box bed was arranged in 10 boxes and 1 row.

2.2 inside the flower box

A flower box with a caliber of 16~20cm was used, and the substrate was mixed with fine river sand humus, and the growing square flowerpot bed was arranged in a row of 6-8 pots.

2.3 Open ground

Select the place with more leeward to the sun, good drainage and convenient management, turn the soil deep into 20cm, pick out sundries, rake fine, and then make a bed, the bed height 15~20cm, width 1m 1.2m, the upper layer covered with fine river sand above 5cm, mixed with soil 1 ∶ 1, leveling the bed surface.

Water the substrate thoroughly, combine with watering to disinfect the soil, and add carbendazim (5~8g/ square meters) or potassium permanganate, which should be done 6 days before cutting.

3 selection and treatment of cuttings

The Lignified branches of 1 ~ 3 years old can be used as cuttings, among which the rooting rate of 1 ~ 2 years old branches is the best, and the perennial reddish brown branches can also be cut, but the rooting rate is low. Both the main branch and the side branch can be used as cuttings.

The branches taken before cutting in spring should pay attention to moisturizing to prevent wind blowing and sun dehydration.

Cut the branches into 15cm-long cuttings. Shorter cuttings are OK, but short cuttings affect the time to get out of the nursery. Cut off the leaves at the 3~5cm of the plug and tie them into bundles of 50 each. When bundling, pay attention to align the plugs and tie the cuttings of the same length together. Put it into the treatment solution in time after bundling.

Soak the plug with Suinong Chunlu solution, 7.5kg each with water, the water temperature is not less than 5 ℃. Soak the cuttings upright, the soaking depth should not exceed 3cm, soaking for 12-18 hours.

4Cuttage method

The cuttings were carried out at the turn of spring and summer from late May to early June. Cut deep 3~5cm, only 1 cuttage in each nutrition box and flowerpot, cuttings on the ground, row spacing is 5 × 10cm. Insert the knife head into the soil to pry a narrow gap, then put the cuttings in, squeeze and compaction with your hands. Cuttings of the same age and equal length should be inserted in the same bed. Pour the root soaking solution evenly on the seedling bed (in the nutrition box, in the flowerpot), and then pour water thoroughly, paying attention to the fact that there can be no stagnant water on the seedling bed.

5 heat preservation, moisturizing and sunshade

A bamboo arch frame is arranged on the bed surface, and the distance between the top of the arch frame and the bed surface is 50~60cm. The arch frame is covered with plastic film, which is shaded by a plastic shading net with 70% shading rate, and pressed around with bricks. Cut in the flowerpot, if the number is very small, you can place branches in each pot as an arch, put on a white plastic convenient bag and put it in the shade of the tree.

6. Growth and development of cuttings

After 15-18 days, the plug became thicker and root nodules began to appear. Some plugs are rotten and root nodules can still grow on the rotten parts. Root nodules were generally formed in about 28 days. 30-45 days a large number of roots, white and thick, commonly known as water roots. When it first took root, there were only 1-2 roots, and then gradually increased. The root takes root on the nodule, some cuttings take root at 2 places, and the other place grows close to the ground. From 70th to 80th day, some roots are as long as 50mm, some just take root, and some take root in about 100th day. Some cuttings grow nodules but do not take root. For cuttings without root nodules, some leaves turn yellow and branches wither in about 30 days, while others dry up after 10 months. If well managed, the rooting rate can reach more than 90%.

7 plug-in management

Timely and appropriate watering to keep the cutting substrate moist. When watering, the water flow should not be too fast to prevent the cuttings from flushing out. Too much water can easily cause cuttings to rot. If it is irrigated with tap water, it must be stored for more than 4 days before use. When the temperature continues to be too high at noon, the method of opening the film spraying water or spraying water outside the film can be used to reduce the temperature.

It is necessary to ventilate and refine the seedlings after taking root in large quantities. First of all, uncover the ventilated seedling at one end of the film, about 2 hours a day, 3-4 days later, open the ventilated seedling at both ends of the film, and prolong the seedling time day by day. In late August, the plastic film can be removed. Watering can not be ignored after rooting. If the cutting substrate is dry, the roots of seedlings are easy to wither and die.

8 overwintering management

At the beginning of November, measures should be taken to keep warm and prevent cold. First water it once, then build a low rack (slightly higher than the seedling height) and cover it with grass bags. If the straw bag is directly covered on the seedbed, the seedlings will be easily broken because of freezing.

Management after 91 years

In the second year, there is no need to cover the plastic film, only the plastic shading net with a shading rate of 50% is used for shading and daily management, and there is no need to take cold prevention measures in winter.

No sunshade is needed from the third year, and it is managed normally in full light. After 3-4 years of management, saplings with high 30~50cm can be cultivated.