Cultivation techniques of Jerusalem artichoke

Jerusalem artichoke, alias Yangginger, Guizi ginger, the scientific name helianthustuberosusl., is compositae sunflower annual herbs. Jerusalem artichoke feeds on underground tubers. There are sporadic cultivation in various parts of our city, and the tubers of Jerusalem artichoke are rich in inulin, which is a fructose polymer, which has a certain auxiliary effect on diabetes. The cultivation is extensive and has a development prospect.

1. The botanical characteristic is that the stem is erect and the plant height is 2 to 3 meters. Oblate, with irregular protuberances, underground tubers are irregular multi-spherical, fusiform, skin red, yellow or white. Varieties are divided according to the skin color of tubers. Leaves base opposite, stem upper alternate, long ovoid, apex pointed, leaf surface rough, leaf back pilose, margin serrate, green. The petiole has narrow wings. Many heads, born at the end of the branch, yellow, peripheral ligulate flowers, not easy to bear fruit, tubular flowers yellow. Achenes cuneate, hairy, with 2 or 4 flat awns hairy at upper end.

2. Requirements for environmental conditions. Jerusalem artichoke prefers cool and dry climate, cold and drought tolerance. Tubers germinate at 0: 6 ℃ and 8~l0 ℃ emerges. Because the underground tubers of Jerusalem artichoke can survive the winter in cold northern soil and sprout new plants in the following year, they are often mistaken for perennial crops. The seedlings can withstand the low temperature of 1 ~ 2 ℃. Under the condition of 18-22 ℃ and sunshine for 12 hours, it was beneficial to the formation of tuber. The tuber can survive the winter safely in the permafrost layer of 25-30 ℃. It has strong adaptability to soil, and high yield can be obtained by cultivation in fertile and loose soil.

3. Cultivation techniques.

The main results are as follows: (1) the propagation method is to propagate by tuber. After the tuber is harvested in autumn and winter, the tuber with a size of 25g is selected for sowing, or the seed is prepared in sand storage. Tubers of appropriate size can also be excavated and sown after soil thawing in spring.

(2) sowing takes place in spring. Hole sowing or trench sowing. The row spacing of the planting plant is 50 cm square. Planting holes to loosen the soil and sow seeds after applying base fertilizer, but the base fertilizer should not be too much. The sowing depth is about 10 cm. Cover Tuping hole after sowing.

(3) the seedlings emerged about one month after sowing in field management. After finishing the seedlings, fertilizing and watering properly. Then ploughing and weeding, and cultivating the soil into low ridges, not too dry can no longer be watered, until the tuber is expanded and then watered, according to the principle of "dry and wet". If the stem and leaf growth is too luxuriant, it is appropriate to take off the top to promote tuber expansion. Jerusalem artichoke rarely seen disease and insect damage, can not use pesticides, extreme drought may occur aphids, water spray can be eliminated.

4. Harvest after autumn frost. After collecting and digging, wash the soil and put it on the market. For those planted in idle land, if you need to continue to plant, you can choose to leave small tubers buried in the soil during mining, and seedling and replenish seedlings after emergence and time in the following year.

5. Nutritional composition and edible rate of Jerusalem artichoke 100%, per 100 g tuber containing 79.8 g moisture, 0.1 g crude protein, 0.1 g fat, 16.6 g carbohydrate, 0.6 g crude fiber, 2.8 g ash, 49 mg calcium, 119 mg phosphorus, 8.4 mg iron, 10.13 mg vitamin b, 20.06 mg vitamin b, 0.6 mg niacin, 0.6 mg vitamin c6. And rich in inulin, pentose, starch and other substances. The taste is sweet, flat and non-toxic. It is beneficial to water dehumidification, benefit the stomach and has the effect of clearing heat and detoxification, so it is a diuretic. Jerusalem artichoke has a wide range of uses.

(1) as a vegetable

① fresh tubers can be stir-fried, or fried with shredded meat, crisp and delicious.

② pickling: 50kg Jerusalem artichoke, wash and remove impurities, put it in a tile jar, put a layer of Jerusalem artichoke with salt, use 9kg salt, put it away and pour in some water. Pour the cylinder once after one day and once in the next two days. It can be eaten after about 15 days. Delicious flavor, can be used as a side dish, has a certain auxiliary effect on diabetes.

(2) as miscellaneous grains, feed or extract starch, alcohol, etc., aboveground stems can also be added working feed.

(3) inulin is extracted medicinally for the treatment of diabetes. Root smashing external application to treat nameless swelling and mumps. Dietotherapy can also use 100 grams of Jerusalem artichoke tubers, wash and chopped, 100 grams of rice wash clean, add the right amount of water boiled into porridge, transferred into salt, sesame oil after consumption. It is suitable for people with diabetes, edema and poor urination.