Cultivation and Management of Dendrobium

General situation

Dendrobiumnobile, also known as Dendrobium, belongs to the genus Dendrobium of Orchidaceae. It is one of the earliest orchid plants recorded in Chinese ancient documents. Because of its beautiful shape, beautiful appearance, colorful, wide variety and long flowering period, it is deeply loved and concerned by people all over the world, and occupies an important position in the international flower market. Nowadays, it is widely cultivated in many countries in the world, especially in Southeast Asia. Thailand has the largest output, with an annual output of 3600 tons of Dendrobium in 1993, 62.9 million in Italy, 14.25 million in the Netherlands, 11.7 million in Germany, and also exported to Japan and North America. In addition, Singapore, Malaysia and Taiwan also have a certain amount of production, and the main exporting countries are the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, France and Japan. The Philippines mainly produces and sells itself. In Asia, Japan is the largest importer of Dendrobium, with a market of 2.3 million pots in 1993, with sales of US $28 million, ranking sixth in potted flower sales.

The time of large-scale production of Dendrobium in China is relatively short, mainly from the early 1990s, although it started late, but the speed of development is very fast. So far, there are production bases of a certain scale in Guangdong, Kunming, Fujian and other places, which can basically meet the needs of the domestic market in the production of potted and cut flowers.

Morphological characteristics and varieties

Dendrobium is a perennial deciduous herb. The stem is tufted, erect, slightly folded in the upper part, slightly partial, yellowish green, grooved. Leaves nearly leathery, short orbicular. Raceme with large, white flowers, apical lavender. Blossom in the deciduous period.

The common cultivated variety is Cabe No. 1 (K.B.No.1) with white flowers. Giant Panda No. 1 (BigPandaNo.1) with red flowers. Pink diamond (PinkThamond), pink. Dynasty (Dynasty), pink. Thai white (ThailandWhite) with white flowers. Sabine (Sabin), pink. Sonia, with red flowers. White Pagoda (WhiteTower) with white flowers. Madame Pompidou (MadamePompudoaur) with purple flowers. Caesar (Ceasai), flower color. Recently, the Netherlands launched a new variety of Dendrobium, StardustChiyoni, which has yellow flowers, multi-stem type and blossoms in early spring.

Common ornamental species of the same genus are D.densiflorum with golden flowers and orange lips. Dendrobium candidum (D.nobilecv.Albiflorum) has white flowers and dark brown lip center. Gorgeous Dendrobium (D.superbum) with purplish red flowers and purple lips. Tend to Dendrobium (D.secundum), with purplish red flowers and orange lips. Dendrobium cymbium (D.thyrsiflorum) having white flowers and golden lips. Butterfly Dendrobium (D.pHalaenopsis) with rose red flowers.

Biological characteristics

Dendrobium is native to China. Distributed in South China, Southwest and other areas. Often epiphytic on tree trunks or rocks in forests at an altitude of 480-1700 m. Like warmth. Moist and semi-overcast environment, not resistant to cold. The suitable temperature for growth is 18: 30 ℃, the suitable growth period is 16: 21 ℃, the dormant period is 16: 18 ℃, the night temperature is 10: 13 ℃, and the temperature difference is 10: 15 ℃. The daytime temperature exceeding 30 ℃ had little effect on the growth of Dendrobium, and the winter temperature was not lower than 10 ℃. Seedlings are susceptible to freezing below 10 ℃. Dendrobium is dry and afraid of stagnant water, especially when the new buds begin to germinate to the formation of new roots. But too wet, such as low temperature, it is easy to cause decay. When the weather is fine, dry and hot, in addition to watering, it is necessary to spray more water to the ground to maintain a high air humidity. Evergreen Dendrobium can maintain sufficient moisture in winter, but deciduous Dendrobium can be properly dried to maintain high air humidity. Dendrobium wild forest, but the cultivation is still more like light, 50% shading in summer and autumn, 30% shading in winter and spring is appropriate. If the light is too strong, the stem will be swollen and yellow, and the leaves will be yellowish green. But the sunshine is sufficient, the autumn flowering is good, and the flowering quantity is large. The soil should use well-drained and breathable broken fern root, water moss, charcoal chips, broken tiles, perlite and so on, mainly broken fern root and water moss.

Breeding method

Ramet, cuttage and tissue culture are commonly used.

Ramet propagation: combine and change pots in spring. The mother plant with dense growth will be held out from the basin, the roots and leaves will be less hurt, the orchid seedlings will be gently broken, and 3-4 plants will be planted in 15cm pots, which is beneficial to shaping and flowering.

Cutting propagation: select the false bulbs that grow and enrich without flowering, cut them from the rhizosphere, cut them into every 2-3 segments, insert them directly into peat moss or wrap the base of the cuttings with water moss, keep them moist, take root at room temperature at 18-22 ℃, and take root at 30-40 days after cutting. Potted plants with roots 3 to 5 cm long.

Tissue culture and propagation: stem tip and leaf tip were often used as explants, and the differentiation rate could reach about 1:10 on the MS medium supplemented with 2mai D0.15mm 0.5mg / L and 6-benzylaminoadenine 0.5mg / L. The differentiated buds were transferred to contain activated carbon. Coconut milk was cultured in MS medium (supplemented with 0.1mg / L of 2meme 4murine D and 0.1mg / L 6-benzylaminoadenine) to form rootless seedlings. When the seedlings were transferred into MS medium containing indolebutyric acid 0.2mg / L, rooting could be induced and complete plantlets with roots, stems and leaves could be formed.

Cultivation and management

Potted Dendrobium needs light, well-drained and breathable substrates such as peat moss, fern root, bark and charcoal. At the same time, there are many tiles or broken bricks at the bottom of the basin to facilitate the development of root system. The cultivation place must have sufficient light, which is more beneficial to the growth and flowering of Dendrobium. During the growing period of spring and summer, it should be fully watered to speed up the growth of pseudocorm. Gradually reduce watering after September, so that the pseudo-corm tends to mature, which can promote flowering. During the growing period, fertilization was applied once every ten days, and decreased in autumn, but stopped completely in the mature stage of pseudocorm and winter dormancy period. The plants of Dendrobium which have been cultivated for more than 2 or 3 years are crowded, the roots are full, and the potted materials have rotted, so they should be replaced in time. No matter evergreen or deciduous Dendrobium, change the pot after flowering. When changing the basin, you should hurt the roots less, otherwise the leaves will yellowed and fall off in case of low temperature.

Pest control

Often have black spot disease, virus disease harm, can use 10% antibacterial agent 401 acetic acid solution 1000 times liquid spray. Insect pests are harmful to shell insects and are sprayed with 2000 times of omethoate EC.

Postpartum treatment

Dendrobium flowers beautiful, colorful, potted balcony, windowsill or hanging basin hanging guest room, study, sprinkled in the air, unique. Dendrobium is commonly used in Europe and the United States to make corsage, with carnation and asparagus, really welcome to visit. Up to now, it has been widely used in large banquets, opening ceremony and VIP treatment. Dendrobium is regarded as the flower of Father's Day on June 19 every year in many countries.