Prevention and treatment of important diseases in geese

At present, the main diseases that seriously harm the industry are Gosling plague, egg plague, goose paramyxovirus, goose avian influenza and so on.

1. Gosling plague

Gosling plague is an acute septic infectious disease caused by Gosling plague virus, which mainly affects goslings under 20 days old, with a fatality rate of more than 90%. Only a few goslings over three weeks old occur, and goslings over one month old basically do not occur.

(1) Clinical features

The typical symptoms seen in clinic are isolated goose, loose neck, sleepy eyes, heavy food, yellowish green stool, dirty secretions around the nostrils, neck twist, leg paralysis or convulsions before death. The pathological changes of the digestive tract were found by autopsy, and there was a yellow-white banded pseudomembrane in the middle and lower part of the small intestine, which blocked the intestinal cavity and formed an embolic substance, which was solid in texture and shaped like sausage, and the sausage-like substance in subacute cases was very obvious, based on which a preliminary diagnosis could be made. the diagnosis depends on the isolation and identification of virus from liver, spleen and pancreas.

(2) Prevention and control measures

1. Emergency prevention and cure: once Gosling plague occurs in the Gosling flock, the Gosling without symptoms shall be immediately isolated from the breeding ground and raised in a clean and pollution-free place, and each Gosling shall be subcutaneously injected with 0.5-0.8 ml antiserum or 1-1.6 ml yolk antibody, and broad-spectrum antibiotics can be appropriately added to the serum or yolk antibody. Each diseased Gosling was subcutaneously injected with 1 ml antiserum or 2 ml yolk antibody. The diseased goslings were injected with 1 ml antiserum or 2 ml yolk antibody per 500 g body weight.

In emergency prevention, the immunity of goose paramyxovirus inactivated vaccine is faster than that of oil emulsion vaccine.

two。 Immunoprevention:

(1) Goose immunity

If a live vaccine is used, there are two ways:

One-time immunization: about 15 days before laying, the breeder geese were injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly with 1 ∶ diluted attenuated breeder goose vaccine (referred to as breeder goose vaccine). Within 12 days to 4 months after immunization, the goslings hatched by geese could resist virus infection and had a higher protection rate. After 4 months, the protection rate of goslings decreased and must be immunized again.

Secondary immunization: breeder geese were immunized with 1 ∶ 100 kinds of goose vaccine 1 ml before laying one month, and 1 ml of 1 ∶ 10 kinds of goose vaccine 15 days before laying. The protection rate of goslings reached 5 months after immunization. Or the second immunization was carried out about 100 days after the first immunization, and 1 ml of 10 kinds of goose vaccine of 1 ∶ was used to prolong the immune period for another 5 months.

If using inactivated vaccine: single vaccine, inactivated vaccine with goose plague oil emulsion 15-30 days before laying, 1 ml per goose intramuscular injection, the goslings that came out of the Kang within 15 days to 5 months after immunization had higher protection rate, and the combined vaccine, the combined vaccine of goose plague and goose paramyxovirus disease had immunity about half a month before laying. It can also be immunized with oil emulsion inactivated vaccine of call, goose plague and goose paramyxovirus disease, or goose paramyxovirus disease and goose plague oil emulsion inactivated vaccine.

(2) Gosling immunity

The goslings without maternal antibodies can be immunized for the first time at the age of 2-7 days or 10-15 days according to the epidemic situation of the disease. The goslings were subcutaneously injected with 0.3 ml oil emulsion inactivated vaccine of paramyxovirus disease in geese. About 2 months after immunization, the goslings were immunized again with 0.5 ml of intramuscular injection, and the goslings immunized with breeder geese were immunized for the first time at about 15 days old and again at about 2 months old. It can also be immunized with goose paramyxovirus disease inactivated vaccine, or goose paramyxovirus disease and goose plague inactivated vaccine.

Gosling plague is mainly spread through the hatchery, so the hatchery should do a good job in all aspects of disinfection. The hatching should be stopped immediately after the occurrence of the disease, and the whole room should be thoroughly disinfected before re-hatching.

2. Colibacillosis in geese (egg plague)

Colibacillosis in geese, commonly known as "egg plague", is a disease of reproductive organs of laying geese caused by several different serotypes of pathogenic Escherichia coli. It mainly occurs in adult geese, but breeding geese also occur from time to time in recent years.

(1) Clinical features

The occurrence of the disease is closely related to bad feeding and management. cold weather, sudden change of temperature, lack of green fodder, lack of vitamin A, overcrowding of geese, muggy, long-distance transportation and other factors can promote the occurrence and spread of the disease. Mainly through the digestive tract infection, the disease of goslings is often related to the pollution of breeding eggs. During the onset of infection in adult goose flocks, the disease usually occurs sporadically in the early stage of egg laying, and the disease occurs most frequently in the peak period of egg laying, and the disease also stops after the egg laying stops. Most of the diseased geese often die during the epidemic. Although male geese rarely die after infection, the disease can be transmitted through mating.

1. Acute septic type: it can occur in geese of all ages, but it is more susceptible to 7-45-day-old geese. The sick goose is depressed in spirit, has loose feathers, is afraid of cold, often squeezes into a pile, screams constantly, and its body temperature rises, which is 1 / 2 ℃ higher than that of the normal goose. Faeces are thin and smelly, mixed with blood, blood clots and bubbles, and the perianal area is covered with feces, loss of appetite, increased thirst, dyspnea, and finally suffocation and death, with a high mortality rate.

two。 Escherichia coli reproductive organ disease of female geese: shortly after laying eggs, some laying geese show low spirits, loss of appetite, unwilling to walk, like to lie, often floating on the water or alone, asthma, unstable standing, head downward bending, mouth touching the ground, abdomen dilated. The stool is yellow and white, and there are filthy and smelly feces around the anus, which are mixed with egg whites, solidified egg whites or yolk patches. The diseased goose had sunken eyeballs, dry beak and web, emaciated, showed symptoms of dehydration, and finally died of failure. Even if a few geese can recover naturally, they cannot resume laying eggs.

3. Escherichia coli reproductive organ disease in male geese: the main manifestations are red and swollen penis, ulcers or nodules. The condition is serious, the penis surface is covered with the mung bean grain size necrotic focus, peels the scab namely exposes the ulcer focus, the penis cannot recover, loses the mating ability.

Autopsy showed that the main manifestations of septic type were fibrinous pericarditis, pneumocystitis and perihepatic inflammation. The characteristic lesion of adult goose is yolk peritonitis, there is a small amount of yellowish fishy and turbid fluid in the abdominal cavity, often mixed with damaged yolk, the surface of each viscera is covered with yellowish coagulated cellulose exudate, the mesentery adheres to each other, and there are small bleeding spots on the mesentery. The pathological changes of male geese are limited to the external genitalia, with red and swollen penis, necrotic foci and scabs.

(2) Prevention and control measures

1. Drug treatment: ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and other better efficacy. However, the drug resistance of Escherichia coli is very strong, so sensitive drugs should be selected for treatment and prevention according to the results of drug sensitivity test.

two。 Immune vaccination: at present, the more effective method is to make an inactivated vaccine with E. coli isolated from the infected geese in this farm, which can control the disease by injecting the back-up geese at the age of 2 months and 4 months respectively.

The disease was immunized with aluminum hydroxide multivalent egg distemper inactivated vaccine about 15 days before laying, and the immunization period was about 5 months after intramuscular injection of 1 ml per goose, which could effectively control the epidemic of the disease. When using vaccines in diseased groups, antibiotics or sulfonamides can be used for emergency prevention and treatment. Because geese are very sensitive to E. coli endotoxin, it is not suitable to use oil emulsion inactivated vaccine.

3. Eliminate the adverse factors, such as keeping the goose house clean and hygienic, good ventilation, suitable density, strengthening feeding management and disinfection and so on. The infected male goose can transmit the pathogen to the female goose through mating, so the male goose with serious disease should be eliminated. Treatment: resection of nodules on the copulator, debridement and disinfection, intramuscular injection of antibiotics to make it recover.

3. Goose paramyxovirus disease

It is an infectious disease caused by avian paramyxovirus type I. geese of any age can be infected. Middle geese of lion head geese (40-60 days old) are often fulminant after infection, with a large number of morbidity and death in the population, and the mortality rate is often more than 40%. The harm is serious.

(1) Clinical features

Clinical common goose loss of appetite, goose spirit, standing or squatting; eyelids swollen, tears, weight loss quickly, increased appetite; diseased goose feces are watery, dark red, green, yellow or dark green; some diseased geese have neck twisting, turning around, head up and other neurological symptoms, and the mouth of diseased geese shed blood sticky fluid.

Dissection of the dead goose showed that there were large grains of rice in the tongue and mouth, light yellow scab, which was easy to peel off. After peeling off, purple spots and scabs of the esophagus can be seen; hyperemia and bleeding can be seen in the glandular stomach and muscular stomach, and some contents are dark red paste; splenomegaly and congestion, with necrotic foci ranging from sesame to mung bean; pancreas is enlarged, ranging from gray-white rice grains to mung bean necrotic foci The entire intestinal wall adhered to diffuse or scattered, different sizes, yellowish or grayish white cellulose scab, peeling off showed bloody purple spots or ulcerated surface, cecal tonsil swelling and bleeding; hepatomegaly. The texture is hard, the myocardium is brittle, and there are hemorrhagic spots in individual myocardium and pericardium.