Diagnosis and treatment of pigeon disease

The purpose of pigeon disease diagnosis is to recognize the disease as soon as possible so as to take timely and effective prevention and treatment measures. Diagnosis is the forerunner of prevention and control work, only timely and correct diagnosis, prevention and treatment work can be targeted and achieve remarkable results. Otherwise, it will often act blindly, delay the opportunity and bring great economic losses to the pigeon industry. According to the occurrence and development of pigeon disease and the physiological characteristics of birds, the clinical diagnosis of pigeon disease includes three aspects: investigation of epidemic characteristics, observation of pigeon flock and individual symptoms and pathological anatomy.

I. epidemic characteristics and individual symptoms

(1) investigation of epidemic characteristics

1. The current situation and development process mainly ask when the disease occurs, the age of the sick pigeon, the symptoms of the disease, the speed of spread of the disease, and so on, so as to speculate whether the disease is acute or chronic, bacterial or viral, and what it is suspected to be. 2. Medical history and fatigue

(1) to understand what major outbreaks have occurred in pigeon farms or professional pigeon farmers in the past, whether similar diseases have occurred, the process and results, and so on, so as to analyze the relationship between this disease and past diseases.

(2) to investigate the epidemic situation of pigeon farms nearby. If the pigeons of these farmers have air-borne infectious diseases, such as Newcastle disease, influenza, pigeon pox and other epidemics, they may quickly spread to this site.

(3) Epidemiological investigation was carried out in the areas where the introduced species were introduced.

(4) the implementation of prevention and control measures in peacetime. To understand the epidemic prevention system and its implementation, whether there are strict disinfection measures, what vaccines have been vaccinated against sick pigeons, whether they have carried out drug prevention and regular deworming, etc., and to comprehensively analyze the reasons.

(5) feeding and management. Mainly understand the density, light, temperature, humidity, ventilation, feed and so on, according to these conditions to find the cause.

(6) the change of productivity can be used as a reference for whether there is disease or not. (2) observation of pigeon flocks and individual symptoms

1. Observation on the symptoms of pigeons.

The main purpose of this study is to observe various abnormal phenomena of pigeon flocks in order to provide clues for further diagnosis.

(l) observation of mental state: healthy pigeons are lively, excited, sensitive, compact and shiny; sick pigeons are lethargic, lazy, slow to respond, often live alone, loose feathers, no luster and so on.

(2) observe the situation of food intake and drinking water: according to the record of feed given every day, we can accurately grasp the increase and decrease of food intake. In general, when pigeons get sick, their food intake decreases, but the amount of water consumed increases.

(3) breathing: the normal breathing of pigeons is 30 ~ 40 times per minute. Most common diseases and mild diseases do not cause changes in breathing. When the cardiac function decline caused by severe high fever or damage to the cardiovascular system, the number of breathing increases, dyspnea occurs; when the respiratory system disease occurs, almost the whole process of the disease will be accompanied by varying degrees of respiratory changes. The latter is called primary dyspnea, and the former is called secondary dyspnea.

(4) observing feces: the abnormal condition of feces is often a sign of disease. Normal pigeon feces are gray, yellowish brown or grayish black, in the shape of strips or spirals, and white objects are attached to the ends of the faeces. The feces of sick pigeons are soft, rotten, watery, green, yellow-white, red, malodorous and so on.

(5) observation of movement and behavior: the pigeons were mainly affected by abnormal phenomena such as twisting head and neck or accompanied by unstable standing and running backward.

2. Observation of individual state

In the flock of sick pigeons, several sick pigeons can be selected for detailed individual examination. Mainly check the following:

(1) beak: the beak of the healthy pigeon is clean; the beak of the sick pigeon is often contaminated by increased nostril secretions.

(2) eyes: pay attention to the color of conjunctiva, bleeding point and edema, corneal integrity and transparency and so on. Inflammation of conjunctiva, edema of cornea and iris, and dilation of pupils.

(3) nose tumor: the nose tumor of healthy pigeon is bright, white and clean. The normal pigeon nose tumor was fleshy, and the child pigeon nose tumor gradually changed from flesh color to white. If the nose tumor is dirty and damp and the color is dim, it is a sign of illness.

(4) Oral cavity: pry open the oral cavity and observe the integrity, color and salary film status of the tongue and stiff consternation. Excessive oral fluid is seen in many respiratory diseases and acute septicemia. In the mouth, especially in the back of the oropharynx, diphtheria-like lesions are found to be symptoms of pigeon pox. Keratinization of oral epithelial cells is seen in vitamin A deficiency. (5) pouch: pressing the pouch with your fingers in the shape of dough may be a hard disease; if you hang the head of the pigeon upside down and press the bursa at the same time, the sour liquid will flow out of the mouth, and you may suffer from soft disease.

(6) cloaca: first observe whether the feathers around the anus are contaminated by feces, then open the cloaca with the thumb and index finger, observe the color, integrity and state of the membrane, and check for hyperemia, bleeding and necrosis.

(7) body examination: including chest examination, abdominal examination, leg and joint examination, etc. The healthy pigeon has a strong body, full chest muscles, firm and flexible grip in the hand, while the sick pigeon is generally thin and struggling in the hand. At the same time, attention should be paid to the examination of sternal deformity, enlarged abdominal circumference, rupture, pterygoid prolapse and so on.

(8) body temperature: the normal body temperature of pigeons is 40. 5 ~ 42. 5 ℃ . Minor ailments of pigeons do not cause changes in body temperature. If the examination found a significant increase in body temperature, it is mostly related to acute inflammation and infectious diseases; if the body temperature drops, there are more signs of life-threatening and poor prognosis.

2. pathological autopsy

Pathological examination is a very important method for on-site diagnosis of pigeon disease. Such as Newcastle disease, pullorum, infectious bursal disease and so on, showing characteristic pathological changes, through autopsy can quickly make a correct diagnosis.

1. The method of pathological braking examination

The order of pathological autopsy should first observe the appearance of the corpse, pay attention to its nutritional status, feathers and visual mucosa, then soak the feathers with water or disinfectant, peel and open the gut, remove the internal organs, and make careful and systematic observation item by item according to the order of autopsy.

Includes skin, muscle, nasal cavity, trachea, lung, esophagus, stomach, intestine, cecum, tonsil, heart, ovary, fallopian tube, kidney, bursa of Fabricius, brain, peripheral nerve, chest and abdominal cavity. During the autopsy, a good record should be made, and after the examination, the main characteristic pathological changes and general non-characteristic pathological changes should be found, analyzed and compared. 2. Matters needing attention in autopsy

(1) during the autopsy, it is necessary to understand the source, diseases and insects, symptoms, treatment and epidemic prevention of dead pigeons.

(2) before the autopsy, prepare the necessary utensils and disinfectants, wear overalls and gloves.

(3) after autopsy, wash and disinfect all used clothes and utensils in time. Wash your hands after dissection and wipe them with alcohol. If possible, you should take a bath and change clothes. (4) the earlier the autopsy, the better, and the postmortem time is too long, which is disadvantageous to observe the pathological changes.

(5) prepare containers and fixed fluid before examination, so that the sick materials needed in the autopsy can be put at any time.

(6) the sick materials that need to be submitted for examination should be placed in a plastic bag or jar in time, and the corpses and packaging materials after autopsy should be buried or burned.

(7) the autopsy room should be kept clean and tidy, cleaned and disinfected in time after use, and fumigated with formaldehyde solution if necessary. Disinfection should be paid attention to when leaving the autopsy room, and it is forbidden for unrelated personnel to enter.