Prevention and treatment of nitrite poisoning in deer

Nitrite poisoning in deer is essentially a methemoglobinemia caused by nitrite. it is an acute poisoning disease, characterized by visual mucosal cyanosis, dyspnea, hemagglutination insufficiency and limb paralysis. Because the deer ate Chinese cabbage, sweet potato, sugar beet, radish tassel and so on, which had been heaped or pickled, the poisoning phenomenon occurred.

[etiology]: turnips, sugar beets, sweet potato vines, alfalfa, rape, cabbage, corn stalks and other green plants have different contents of nitrate. If the nitrate is not properly stored and prepared before feeding, the nitrate will be converted into nitrite, which will cause poisoning after eating the deer; it is also easy to cause poisoning after eating the chemical fertilizer containing nitrate.

[symptoms]: deer usually have a sudden attack about 2-4 hours after heavy feeding. Frequent urination is an early symptom of the disease. The diseased deer is characterized by depression, salivation, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, decreased body temperature, cold ears, nose, limbs and even the whole body. Visual mucosal cyanosis, high dyspnea, rapid heartbeat, unstable standing, walking shaking, muscle tremor. In severe cases, the horn arch is dilated, the whole body is weak, lying on the ground can not afford, coma, spasms and convulsions and suffocation. Often die within 12-24 hours. Chronic poisoning, dysplasia, low conception rate, abortion and so on.

[diagnosis]: the diagnosis of nitrite poisoning can be made according to feed investigation and clinical symptoms.

[prevention]: be careful not to feed too many melons and vegetables such as beet leaves, Chinese cabbage and radish tassels at one time, and always turn over and ventilate the accumulated melons and vegetables to prevent decay and deterioration. Stop feeding when exposed to rain or deterioration; for silage, it is best to be exposed to the air for one night before feeding; reasonable feed matching, rich carbohydrate feed, when excessive application of nitrate or nitrite or pollution of drinking water, we should pay close attention to guard against.

[treatment]:

1. Apply special antidote methylene blue or toluidine blue, vitamin C and hypertonic glucose at the same time. 1% methylene blue solution (1 g methylene blue, 10 ml pure alcohol, 90 ml normal saline), 0.1-0.2 ml / kg body weight, intravenous injection; 5% toluidine blue solution, 0.1-0.2 ml / kg body weight, intravenous or intramuscular injection, 5% vitamin C solution 60-100 ml, intravenous injection; 50% glucose solution 300-500 ml, intravenous injection. In addition, antibiotics and plenty of water are injected into the rumen to prevent bacteria from reducing nitrate.

Other symptomatic treatments can use Epsom salt to clean up gastrointestinal contents, replenish oxygen, strengthen the heart and relieve dyspnea.

2. Jiedu decoction can be used in the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine: 500-750 grams of mung bean powder, 100 grams of licorice powder, boiling water and irrigation.