Feeding and Management techniques of Pigs

(1) Technical requirements for joint feeding and management of pigs

1. Promote raw feed feeding

In rural areas, the feed is often cooked and prepared into dilute feed. This method of "filling belly with clear soup" is not only a waste of feed, fuel and labor, but also slow weight gain and high feeding cost. If raw feed is used, the above shortcomings can be overcome.

2. The variety of feed should be diversified and the fine, green and roughage should be matched reasonably. The practice of raising pigs has proved that the nutrients of multi-breed diets can learn from each other to make up for some nutritional disorders caused by a single feed, which can better meet the needs of pigs, and the feed utilization rate can also be improved. A reasonable diet should be nutritious, suitable in size, palatable and easy to digest. This must be matched in a reasonable proportion. The general ratio of fine, green and coarse is: 20-30kg stage 1purl 1Mel 1.5. 0.02 Matsu 35 Mel 60kg stage 1Rom 2mure 3JV 0.2-0.4 X 60-90kg Phase1RO 1.5MUE 3.0VOUR 0.3.

(2) feeding and management of breeding sows

1. Feeding and management of pregnant sows

Physiological characteristics of ① pregnant sows

gain weight. Pregnant adult sows can gain 10-20% weight. Weight gain is slower in the early stage of pregnancy and faster in the later stage of pregnancy.

The nutrient utilization rate of pregnant sows is very high, and the feed utilization rate of pregnant sows is 9.2% higher than that of empty period.

Strong ability to synthesize nutrients. During the whole pregnancy, it is 11% higher than that during the empty pregnancy, and 30% to 40% higher in the second trimester.

Feeding and management of ② pregnant sows

According to the physiological characteristics of pregnant sows, the general requirement of nutritional requirements is that the early supply quantity is relatively small, but the feed quality is good; the later supply quantity is larger, the quality is also good. A large amount of green roughage can be used during the whole pregnancy to save concentrate. The following feeding methods can be adopted respectively:

The feeding method of "fine at both ends and thick in the middle". This method is suitable for poor parturient sows. Due to the high consumption during lactation, nutrition should be strengthened after mating in order to restore the reproductive condition quickly. This period is about 20-30 days, in addition to feeding high-quality green coarse material, but also properly feed part of the concentrate. Maintain a moderate level of nutrition until the third month of pregnancy, and then appropriately strengthen nutrition and increase concentrate.

The feeding method of "rising step by step". This method is suitable for parturient sows and breast-feeding pregnant sows. Generally speaking, it is mainly green coarse feed in the early stage of pregnancy, and with the increase of pregnancy days, the proportion of concentrate in diet is gradually increased to meet the needs of growth and development of sows and their own consumption.

The feeding method of "coarsening before finishing". It is suitable for parturient sows in good condition. Concentrate can be used without or less in the early stage, and the fetus will not be fed concentrate until the fetus grows rapidly in the later stage.

Pregnant sows should not be fed moldy and spoiled feed, such as red rushes with black spot, moldy bran, cruller and rotten silage, etc. 3-5 days before delivery, to reduce green roughage, so as not to oppress the abdominal cavity to cause preterm delivery.

In order to avoid prenatal or postpartum paralysis, adequate calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D should be provided, and proper exercise should be paid attention to. In order to prevent mechanical abortion, chasing and whipping pregnant sows should be prohibited to prevent crowding and fighting.

2. Feeding and management of lactating sows

Characteristics and feeding methods of ① lactating sows

During the whole lactation period, lactating sows can produce 200 Mel 400 kg of milk and contain 36 Mel 54 kg of dry matter. Most of the nutrients in synthetic milk come from feed and a small part come from maternal weightlessness (fat loss). When sows are malnourished, they rely on "glancing" to produce milk for their young to eat, so the mother has a lot of weightlessness, and in the long run, it will reduce lifelong fecundity, so lactating sows must be strengthened to provide adequate high-quality feed.

There are generally two ways to feed lactating sows:

The feeding method of "pre-refined and coarse". It is suitable for thin lactating sows. The first month is a period of exuberant milk production, with a high level of feeding. About 70% of the concentrate during the lactation period can be used in this period. After the decline in milk yield, piglets can eat their own feed sows nutrition level decreased accordingly, can be fed less concentrate, more green, coarse feed.

The "consistent strengthening" approach. It is suitable for sows born at the first birth or bred during lactation to maintain a high nutritional level during the whole lactation period.

② feeding and management

Sows should pay special attention to careful feeding in the first few days after giving birth, and should not be fed with feed with large volume and poor digestion. After giving birth, the sow consumes a lot of energy, likes to sleep, slows down gastrointestinal peristalsis and weakens digestive function. Feed enough digestible and cathartic fodder such as wheat bran soup and appropriate amount of cowhide vegetables on the first day after giving birth. Feed 70% or 80% full on the 2nd-3rd day, and then increase gradually. do not add too much or too much feed 5 days after giving birth, so as to prevent indigestion or mastitis in sows, or diarrhea in piglets due to too much milk.

Appropriately increase the number of feeding times and give sufficient drinking water. Feeding 3 Mel 4 times a day, and finally adding a meal at night, is beneficial to increase milk yield. 80% of pig milk is water, and increasing drinking water also plays an important role in increasing milk production. It is advisable to feed thinner feed in summer, add water for 1 / 2 times, thick feed in winter, and warm water.

If sow milk is insufficient, we should find out the cause of milk shortage and take effective measures to solve the problem. If you are short of milk due to malnutrition, you can add milk-promoting feed, such as soybean milk, rice milk, cooked colon soup, @ # @ 237 milk, @ # @ 236 milk, and so on. If you are suffering from the disease, ask a veterinarian for treatment.

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