Eight kinds of non-grain feed for pigs

With the rapid development of animal husbandry in China, the demand for feed grain is increasing day by day. In order to alleviate the contradiction between human and livestock competing for grain, it is imperative to develop non-grain feed. And the development of non-grain feed can also effectively reduce production costs and improve the economic benefits of farm households. Here are a few non-grain feeds suitable for pigs.

chicken manure

Chicken manure is a kind of protein supplement with high quality and low price. The dry manure contains crude protein of 15%--30%, crude fiber of 10%--16%, various amino acids of 8%--10%. The crude protein content of 1 kg chicken manure is equivalent to 600 g concentrate. However, the crude protein in chicken manure has 50% non-protein nitrogen, and exists in the form of uric acid, and the energy is low, and the ash content is as high as 25%--35%. Therefore, attention should be paid to the treatment method to improve the utilization rate of pigs.

1, chicken manure processing

① Drying: Spread chicken manure evenly on the cement floor, air dry naturally, so that the moisture content of chicken manure is below 13%, and dry it with a dryer if conditions permit.

② Fermentation: Add rice bran, bran, grass powder, crop straw powder, etc. to chicken manure, add appropriate amount of water, put it into a jar, cellar or plastic bag, compact and seal tightly, sour for 3- 5 days, and then use it to feed pigs.

(3) Silage: 60% chicken manure, 30% straw powder and 10% bran are mixed evenly, the humidity is maintained at 60%, and the silo silage is stored for 30- 50 days.

2. The amount of chicken manure added

Piglets can add 5%--10%, fattening pigs can add 15%--30%. However, when chicken manure is used as feed, firstly, fresh chicken manure without pollution in non-epidemic areas should be collected; secondly, more grain feed should be added to increase palatability and mineral balance; thirdly, the ash content in chicken manure is high, so it should be noted that the total ash content in diet should not exceed the critical level; fourth, chicken manure should be stopped 15 days before the pig is released.

II. Rabbit feces

Rabbit dung has high nutritional value. According to the United States "rabbit practical research"(1984) reported that air-dried rabbit feces 7.9% water, dry matter 92.1%. Anhydrous rabbit dung contains 20.3% crude protein, of which digestible crude protein 5.7%, ether extract 2.6%, crude fiber 16.6%, nitrogen-free extract 40.7%, minerals 10.7%. 2 kg rabbit manure contains the same crude protein as 1 kg alfalfa hay. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to exploit rabbit dung as a new feed resource.

1. Rabbit manure processing

Rabbit dung as feed, first of all should go to mud, to miscellaneous, not moldy, pollution-free. Its processing generally adopts the following methods:

① Drying method: collect clean rabbit dung, dry and crush it, spread it into a thin layer on the cement floor, expose it to the sun for more than 3 hours, and then mix it into feed according to proportion to feed pigs. This method is often used in summer

② boiling method: collect fresh rabbit dung, then add bran and other feeds, boil for 10--15 minutes, mix into feed to feed pigs. This method is mostly used in winter.

3. Soaking method: crush the dried rabbit feces and put them into jars, pots and other containers, add boiling water and stir them into paste and feed them.

④ Direct feeding method: collect fresh rabbit feces of the day, mix them into feed and feed them directly to pigs.

Chemical treatment method: crush the dried rabbit dung, add 200 ml formaldehyde solution per kilogram, mix well, and then dry and feed. This method can kill pathogenic microorganisms in rabbit feces without destroying nutrients.

Alkali treatment method: put the dried and crushed rabbit dung into the jar, soak it in the proportion of 50 kg rabbit dung and 40% caustic soda aqueous solution for 24 hours, remove it and put it into clear water, drain it and then feed it to pigs.

7 lactic acid fermentation method: rabbit feces exposed to sunlight for 2- 3 days, crushed and sprayed with boiling water. Add water to rabbit dung hand holding into a mass that falls to the ground is appropriate. Then put it into a water tank or plastic bag, compact and seal tightly for anaerobic acidification. When the fermentation temperature reaches 40 degrees Celsius can be used. Summer usually takes 1- 2 days, winter time is a little longer. This method can not only kill bacteria, but also improve the palatability of rabbit feces.

Silage fermentation method: The collected fresh rabbit dung will be crushed, mixed with grass, vegetables, add appropriate amount of water, to pick up the principle of no dripping. Then fill the jar or fill the cellar to compact, spread bran, straw bran, rice bran, etc. on it for insulation, seal for 1- 2 days and use it. After fermentation, the rabbit dung is sour and delicious. This method is mostly used in summer and autumn.

2. The amount of rabbit feces added

Feed pigs with processed rabbit manure, generally add 10%--15%, fattening pigs add 15%--25%. However, the amount of bran and rice bran added to the rabbit manure should be determined. Adding more bran can increase the feeding amount appropriately. After fermentation, rabbit dung is loose and soft, with wine fragrance and good palatability. Pigs are more willing to eat it. However, feeding should be stopped 20 days before fattening pigs are slaughtered.

Third, cow dung

Cattle are ruminants. The feed eaten by cattle is decomposed by fermentation of rumen microorganisms. Part of nutrients are absorbed and utilized, and the other part of nutrients can be used by protein nitrogen, microorganisms and rumen fluid of monogastric animals. According to the determination, dry cow dung contains crude protein 10%--20%, crude fat 1%--3%, nitrogen-free extract 20%--30%, crude fiber 15%--30%, so it has certain feeding value.

1. Processing of cow dung

Feed pigs with cow dung, preferably by silage fermentation of cow dung. The method comprises the following steps: mixing cow dung with chaff, bran and other feeds, putting into cellars, vats or plastic bags, compacting and sealing for fermentation. The fermented cow dung has good palatability and can replace part of other feeds. Pigs gain weight quickly after eating.

2, the amount of cow dung added

Pig and piglet generally should not use cow dung feed, fattening pig diet to add 10%--15%. Cow dung in the crude fiber more, so gradually increase the amount of feed, and should not add too much.

IV. Silkworm feces

Silkworm feces, also known as silkworm feces, is the feces discharged by silkworm larvae. In production, the feces of silkworm from second to third dormancy are used to feed livestock and poultry. According to the determination, silkworm faeces contain dry matter 29.2%, crude protein 13%, crude fiber 10.1%, and some carbohydrates and minerals.

1. Processing of silkworm feces

The collected silkworm dung is dried and crushed, soaked in clean water for about 3 hours, taken out and mixed into drinks to be fed to pigs.

2. The amount of silkworm feces added

In piglet diet, generally can add about 5%, fattening pigs can add 5%--10%. Silkworm dung is very easy to mildew, so the water content should be below 13% during storage, it is best to use sunlight exposure; silkworm dung contains high lime content, pH value is large, nearly 2 pH values more than normal feed, so when using silkworm dung to feed pigs, a certain amount of acid (such as acetic acid) should be added to adjust pH value to normal pH value (pH=6), which is conducive to improving the quality of feed, increasing pig feed intake and increasing daily gain.

V. Peanut vine

Peanut vine contains protein 12%, nitrogen-free extract 45%--50%, its digestible energy content 8400 kJ/kg, containing crude fiber about 20%. The calcium and phosphorus contents were 0.89% and 0.13% respectively. In terms of trace element content, except zinc content (35×10-6) lower than the nutritional standard, other elements such as iron, copper, manganese and other elements are higher than the nutritional standard of pigs and chickens. It is a kind of feed with comprehensive nutrition.

1. Collection and processing of peanut vines

When the peanuts are ripe, dig them out and remove the peanuts. Peanut vines can be dried directly in the field (preferably dried in the shade), and then crushed, so that they can be added to the diet to feed pigs; fresh vines can also be removed from impurities after pulping, mixed into feed to feed pigs; of course, fresh vines can also be freely eaten by pigs, but this often wastes more.

2. The amount of peanut vine added

After being dried and crushed, the peanut vine can be added to 5%--10%, pig 10%--15%, fattening pig 15%--20%in the diet of piglets, pigs and pigs.

VI. Soybean leaves

Soybean leaves contain 71.8% water, 6.1% crude protein, 14.8% nitrogen-free extract, 1.8% crude fat and 4.1% crude fiber. Each kilogram of soybean leaves contains 9.3 grams of calcium and 0.7 grams of phosphorus. The crude protein content of 3 kg soybean leaves is equivalent to 1 kg soybean cake.

1. Collection and processing of soybean leaves

The best way to harvest soybean leaves is at the ripe stage of soybeans. Because at this time bean leaves are greener, nutrition is good, quality is good, crude fiber is less. If it is collected too early, it will destroy the photosynthesis of the plant, affect the absorption of nutrients, reduce the yield and quality of soybeans; if it is collected too late, the bean leaves will wither, the nutrient content will decrease, and the feeding effect will be affected. After collection, when feeding livestock and poultry, firstly, the collected fresh leaves can be removed from impurities and foreign matters, washed and chopped and mixed into pig diets; secondly, they can be processed into bean leaf powder. The method comprises the following steps of: placing the collected bean leaves in a dry and ventilated place, drying in the shade until the water content is about 30 percent, drying rapidly until the water content is below 10 percent, and crushing into bean leaf powder for later use. When fed, it can account for 20%--30% of the pig diet. Third, semi-dry silage can be carried out. Soybean leaves have lower sugar content and higher protein content, which is suitable for semi-dry silage. The method is to air-dry the bean leaves to about 50% water content, chop them up and put them into plastic bags for silage. This is easy to store, transport, better quality, nutrient content and leaves similar, and with fruity flavor, can improve the palatability of pigs.

2. The amount of soybean leaves added

Soybean leaves processed by any method can be added to 20%--30% of pig diet, and can effectively promote pig growth and development, improve daily gain.

VII. Corncob flour (i.e. male flower of corn)

Corncob contains a lot of protein, carbohydrates, inorganic salts and so on. In production, corn cobs can be pulled out, dried and crushed after corn tassel blackening (pollination period has passed), and mixed into ration to feed pigs according to the proportion of 20%--25%. The effect is good.

VIII. Sunflower disk

Sunflower disk contains crude protein about 10%--20%. After collection, drying and crushing, add to the pig diet, generally can be added to 10%--15%, pigs love to eat, and after eating growth and development faster.