Cultivation techniques of Emerald Pear

Lubao pear, also known as Zhongli No. 1, was bred by Zhengzhou Fruit Tree Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences from the cross between New Century and Zaosu pear. It is one of the varieties with better comprehensive characters in early ripening pear at present.

First, the characteristics. The pear variety has strong growth potential, high germination rate, medium branching ability and small branching angle. Leaf blade long ovoid, spreading, leaf margin serrated sharply and densely. The early fruit is strong, and the high grafted tree can form flower buds in the same year and yield in the second year. The fruit setting rate is high, the yield is good, and there are axillary flower buds and fruit setting habits, and the fruit of short fruit branches is the main fruit in the full fruit period. The fruit is large, the fruit is nearly round or oblate, the average weight of a single fruit is about 296 grams, and the maximum fruit weight is about 485 grams. The fruit surface is smooth, the fruit spot is large, emerald green, the bagged fruit is yellow and white. The fruit stalk is thick and short, the calyx is shallow, the sepals remain. The flesh is milky white, crisp, less stone cells, more juice, sweet and slightly fragrant, and the content of soluble solids is 11.8%. It blossomed around April 10 in Botou City, Hebei Province, and matured in mid-July.

The resistance to adversity and disease is strong, and the requirements for environmental conditions are not strict, especially to ring streak, scab and dry rot. But the fruit dehiscence is more serious in some years.

II. Key points of management

1. Shaping and pruning: the height of the big tree can be replaced by the method of single bud cutting and splitting, and the tree shape should maintain the original tree structure. Because of the strong growth potential of this variety, the happy tree shape should not be adopted. In the first year of high grafting, winter pruning should be light, leaving as many branches as possible, and then with the expansion of the crown, the excess branches would be cleaned up one after another within 2-4 years. In summer, the branch angle is adjusted by drawing branches, other branches and so on. Trees that have just entered a large number of fruiting period are mainly thinning branches and clearing the chamber, and should not be retracted too quickly and too heavy, so as to avoid resurgence and affect the formation of flower buds.

2. Artificial pollination and thinning of flowers and fruits. Artificial pollination can ensure correct fruit shape, large fruit and good quality. Yali pear, Huangguan pear and Huangjin pear can all be used as pollination varieties. Flower thinning is to save nutrients, to exchange flowers for flowers, to achieve high yield year after year, and fruit thinning is to control production, ensure quality and ensure efficiency. Flower thinning occurs from inflorescence protruding to full flowering, leaving 1 inflorescence every 20-25 cm and removing the rest; fruit thinning ends from late April to mid-May, leaving 1 fruit every 25-30 cm.

3. Fruit bagging. Fruit bagging must be carried out to produce high-quality and high-grade pear fruit. Bagging time is from mid-May to early June, it is better to choose a three-layer paper bag with cotton paper inner layer. Insecticides and fungicides must be sprayed before bagging to prevent diseases and insects from being put into the bag and wait for the liquid to dry before bagging.

4. Fertilizer and water are reasonable. We must ensure an adequate supply of fertilizer and water, and apply 5000 kg of organic fertilizer, 20 kg of diammonium and 25 kg of potassium sulfate as autumn base fertilizer per mu. Nitrogen fertilizer was the main fertilizer before sprouting and after fruit harvest, and compound fertilizer was applied 2-3 times after flowering and fruit expansion. Combined with fertilization to water thoroughly, after falling flowers to mid-June, to ensure adequate water supply, after late June, watering cautiously.

5. Pest control. Before sprouting (mid-March), the whole garden was sprayed with 5 Baumetu stone sulfur mixture once, and 8-10 times in the growing season according to the occurrence dynamics of diseases and insect pests. Generally, fungicides such as polyantimycin, Fuxing, Shigao and carbendazim are used to control bagging black spot disease and black spot disease, and avermectin, imidacloprid, Lesbon and other insecticides are used to control pear wood lice, Tenebrio Molitor, Tenebrio Molitor and so on.