Investigation and Analysis on High efficiency cultivation Model of Lotus Root Field in Caidian District

Lotus root is one of the agricultural pillar industries in Caidian District, Wuhan City, with a planting area of 10, 000 hectares in 2006, with a total output of 200000 tons, with a total output value of 320 million yuan, accounting for 18.2% of the region's total agricultural output value. In order to improve the economic benefit of lotus root field, Caidian District popularized a number of efficient cultivation models of lotus root field and achieved good results. In 2006, the promotion area of the model in the region reached 7730 hectares, accounting for 77.3% of the lotus root planting area in the region. The following introduces the main modes of popularization and application in recent years.

1 early lotus root and one late rice

The lotus root was planted from late March to early April and harvested in mid-July; late rice was sown in mid-late June and transplanted in late July. The model is applied early in this area, the area is large, the investment is small and the benefit is stable.

1.1 Technical points

Strengthen the early-maturing cultivation management of lotus root, promote the expansion of lotus root, and ensure the early yield and benefit. The conventional management of late rice is carried out.

Key points of lotus root field management: ① selects early and middle ripening varieties, such as Elian No.1, Elian No.5 and Wuzhi No.2, etc. ② reasonable close planting, every 667m2 conventional seed dosage of about 450kg. ③ applied sufficient base fertilizer and early topdressing, applied ammonium bicarbonate 100kg, phosphate fertilizer 50kg and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 15kg, and applied more organic fertilizer as much as possible. At the beginning of standing leaves, urea 15kg was applied every 667m2. ④, because the bottom fertilizer of lotus root field is relatively sufficient, late rice can apply little or no base fertilizer.

1.2 Economic benefits

The lotus root was harvested in the middle of July with a yield of 667m2 (900kg) with a price of 2.6yuan / kg and an output value of 2340 yuan, while that of late rice was 450kg and 1.6m / kg with an output value of 720RMB. The total output value of 667 square meters in the two quarters is 3060 yuan, with an annual profit of 2300 yuan after deducting production costs. The average yield of one-season rice is 650kg / kg per 667m2, the output value is 1170 yuan and the profit is 800yuan. Compared with one-cropping middle rice, the efficiency of this model is 1500 yuan per 667m2.

2 early lotus root-Artemisia annua (Artemisia annua L.)

Replant Artemisia annua after picking lotus root. The lotus root was cultivated in heat preservation facilities, planted in early March, harvested in stages from early June to early July, planted in early August, and harvested from late October to April of the following year (winter covering and heat preservation). This is a new model popularized and applied in recent years, covering an area of more than 730 hectares in 2006.

2.1 Technical points

① adopts greenhouse or middle greenhouse with steel frame greenhouse, which is 6.0m wide, 2.5m high and 50m long. Bamboo bow is used in the middle shed, which is 3-3.5 m wide, 1.5-1.7 m high and 20-30 m long. The shed is oriented from north to south, which is good for ventilation. Due to the high investment in the greenhouse, the middle shed is mostly used in Caidian District at present.

② lotus root selected early-maturing and mid-maturing varieties Elian No. 1 and Elian No. 5; planted early in time and planted in early March, one month earlier than in the open field; increased planting density, 450kg per 667m2 of seed consumption; applied sufficient basal fertilizer and early topdressing, applied ternary compound fertilizer 75kg every 667m2, topdressing urea 10kg when standing leaves appeared; timely mining and listing, usually divided into two stages of mining.

In early July, ③ Artemisia annua was drained from the lotus root after harvest, dried for 20 days, then ploughed and raked for soil preparation, and 3000kg was applied to every 667m2. Set up the perimeter groove and the box groove, the groove depth 25cm, the box width 1.2cm. In the first ten days of August, the cuttings were 8~10cm, with two full axillary buds that had not germinated. Immediately after cutting, pour water once and cover with sunshade net. Regular irrigation should be used to keep the border surface moist, furrow irrigation is appropriate, and topdressing should be combined with irrigation. Cover the film for heat preservation in late November, the temperature of the greenhouse should be 18: 20 ℃, and pay attention to the film ventilation and humidity reduction. You can harvest five crops a year until April of the following year.

2.2 Economic benefits

The first harvest of lotus root was in the first ten days of June, the yield of 667 square meters was 450kg per kg, with an output value of 3600 yuan, and in the first ten days of July, the yield of 667 square meters was 400kg per kg, with an output value of 1200 yuan. The total output value of lotus root harvested twice is 4800 yuan. Artemisia annua harvested 5 crops, 667 square meters yield 3000~4000kg, output value 4100 yuan. The total output value of lotus root and Artemisia annua L. in two seasons was 8900 yuan, and the profit was 6570 yuan after deducting the production cost. compared with "lotus root and late rice in greenhouse", the income of this model increased by 2900 yuan per 667square meters. This model requires a certain amount of investment, employs more workers, but has high efficiency, and can solve the contradiction of large population and little land.

3 double stubble lotus root (lotus root-lotus root)

Double-stubble lotus root is a new model invented by lotus root farmers in Caidian District, which has two kinds of lotus root and two harvests in one year, and obtained the technical patent in 2001. The lotus root in the second season of this model has the characteristics of white and round lotus root, uniform lotus root nodes, crisp, sweet and refreshing, and so on, so it is very popular in the market. If roadway excavation is adopted in the second season, some seedlings are left in the field, and field management is strengthened in time, lotus root can mature earlier in the following year to be picked and listed in mid-June, and higher price and benefit can be obtained. In 2006, the area of double stubble lotus root in this area is 1200 square meters.

3.1 Technical points

① selected early-maturing variety Elian No. 1, which was 15-20 days earlier than mid-maturing variety Elian No. 5. In the first season, the lotus root was collected in the middle of June, the big lotus root was put on the market, and the small lotus root was left as the seedling of the second season and transplanted into the field in time. In the second season, the seed consumption of 667 square meters was 900plants, and 1200 effective bud heads were excavated from November to December. Strengthen the field management in time the next year, dig again in mid-June, and circulate year by year.

② because the first season lotus root is the original seedling of autumn lotus root last year, so the emergence speed is faster than that of transplanting. If the management of water and fertilizer is strengthened in time, lotus root can be expanded in late May. Before emergence, ammonium bicarbonate 100kg, phosphate fertilizer 50kg, potassium fertilizer 20kg, boron fertilizer 2kg, zinc fertilizer 1kg and carbendazim were applied every 667m ~ 2 with urea 20kg.

In the second season, lotus root should be fertilized with sufficient base fertilizer, 667 square meters with bio-organic fertilizer 500kg and compound fertilizer 50kg. When the first standing leaf appeared, 667 square meters of urea 15kg was applied.

③ focuses on controlling Spodoptera litura in autumn and keeping water depth above 10cm in lotus root field in winter to prevent frost injury.

3.2 Economic benefits

The first season lotus root output 750kg, output value 3000 yuan; the second season lotus root output 450kg, output value 1800 yuan; two seasons lotus root output value of 4800 yuan per 667m2, deducting costs, the average profit of 3700 yuan per 667m2. This model has the advantages of low investment and high benefit.

4 early lotus root and a water chestnut

The planting model of "early lotus root-water chestnut" has a long history in Caidian District. In 2006, the model was popularized with an area of 1000 hectares.

4.1 Technical points

The lotus roots in ① stubble were planted in early April and dug in mid-July, and water chestnuts were raised in early April, planted in mid-late July, and harvested from December to March of the following year.

The cultivation of lotus root in ② can refer to "early lotus root-rice".

③ water chestnut can be selected as Xiaogan water chestnut, Hangzhou fruit chestnut and so on. In the first ten days of April, the vegetable field in front and back of the house was prepared to sprout. There are 200,250 species water chestnut corms (3.5~3.5kg) in every 667m2 field.

When the ④ bud grows to about 6cm, it will be transferred to the field. The seedling field was opened at 1.5m, the water was released, and the seed Cardamine with bud was planted according to the density of 13cm × 17cm.

⑤ seedlings were divided into seedlings in the middle and last ten days of May, and the seedlings were pseudo-planted. Compound fertilizer 50kg was applied as base fertilizer in seedling bed every 667m2. After planting, shallow water management, topdressing urea 2 times, each time 10kg/667 square meters.

⑥ field planting in the middle and last ten days of July, combined with soil preparation, 667 square meters of bio-organic fertilizer 500kg, compound fertilizer 100kg, planting hole spacing of 0.5 m, row spacing of 1 m, 3 seedlings per hole.

In the early stage of ① field water and fertilizer management, shallow water should be used to promote growth, and 3~5cm should be the best depth. After that, the water layer was gradually deepened to 5~10cm to control tillering and promote the expansion of water chestnut. Topdressing 3 times during the whole growing period, the first time was 10 days after transplanting, the second time was 10 kg; per 667m2, the second time was 20 days after the first topdressing, 10 kg; per 667m2 was applied before heading, and the compound fertilizer 15kg was applied every 667m2 to promote the expansion of water chestnut.

4.2 Economic benefits

The yield of lotus root was 800kg per 667m2, the average price was 2.4yuan / kg, the output value was 1920 yuan, and that of water chestnut was 2300kg, the average price was 1.2yuan / kg, the output value was 2760 yuan. The output value is 4680 yuan and the profit is 3700 yuan per 667square meter in the two quarters. This model is more cost-effective, but it requires more labor and more labor.

5 lotus root field sets @ # @ 237yuan @

Raising Loach in lotus root field is a way of ecological culture. The ecological environment of lotus root field is very suitable for Loach to survive, and Loach drilling mud habitat is conducive to soil loosening and fertilizer decomposition, but also can prey on lotus root field pests. The model was demonstrated in Caidian District in 2001 and popularized year by year, with a cumulative extension area of more than 330 hectares.

5.1 main technologies

① field facilities open a ring ditch around the ridge, 1.5m wide and 0.5m deep, and raise the ridge to 0.6m, and set up anti-escape facilities at the entrance and drainage.

The selection of ② field requires convenient drainage and irrigation, strong water retention, rich content of soil organic matter and deep mud layer. The mud layer is generally required to be about 25cm, with an area of 334 square meters and 667 square meters, which is easy to manage.

③ lotus root was planted in the first ten days of April. Base fertilizer should be based on base fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing; base fertilizer should be based on organic fertilizer and supplemented by inorganic fertilizer. Bio-organic fertilizer 1000kg and compound fertilizer 50kg were applied as base fertilizer and 15kg urea as topdressing fertilizer per 667m2. Topdressing was applied 10 days before Loach stocking.

④ Misgurnus anguillicaudatus can be released when the lotus root grows to 3 or 4 leaves, usually in the middle of May. Keep 10~15cm in the water layer during stocking. About 5cm loach seedling 1.0~15kg was put in every 100m2. Misgurnus anguillicaudatus feed mainly consists of mixed feed such as wheat bran, bean dregs and @ # @ 254 feed. Once a day, the feeding amount is 3%-5% of the total body weight of Loach, and the type and quantity of feed are adjusted at any time according to different temperatures.

⑤ harvest lotus root from November to March of the following year. Misgurnus anguillicaudatus fishing can be postponed to March of the following year.

5.2 Economic benefits

The yield of lotus root was 1500kg 1.2yuan / kg, the output value was 1800 yuan, the yield of Loach was 180kg per kg, the output value was 4680 yuan. The total output value of lotus root and Loach is 6480 yuan per 667m2. After deducting the cost, the profit is 4100 yuan.