Introduction to commonly used drugs for fish 2

This paper continues to introduce the commonly used disinfectants bleach, dichloride, trichloride and chlorine dioxide.

(2) bleaching essence

[character] the bleach is a white powder with chlorine odor, soluble in water and a small amount of sediment. Contains less impurities. It is relatively stable and not easy to decompose when exposed to moisture. The aqueous solution is alkaline, and the active ingredient of bleach is the same as that of bleach, which contains 60% of available chlorine, more than twice that of bleach.

Bleach is also a broad-spectrum disinfectant with the same principle as bleach. It is also the case of aquatic hypochlorite, and the unstable decomposition of hypochlorite releases active chlorine and atomic oxygen, showing bactericidal effect.

[use] it has the same use as bleach.

[usage and dosage] the available chlorine content of bleach is generally calculated as 65%, and the common dosage of sprinkling in the whole pool is 0.4~0.5PPM. When used for fish seed disinfection and tool disinfection, the amount of bleach can be converted according to the available chlorine content. For example, the dosage of bleach (containing 30% available chlorine) in the fish seed medicine bath is to make the water into 10~20PPM. Using bleach (containing 65% available chlorine), the calculation is as follows:

The concentration of bleaching powder × the available chlorine content of bleaching powder / the available chlorine content of bleaching essence = the concentration of bleaching essence. If the concentration of bleach is 10~20PPM. The specific calculation is as follows:

10PPM × 30% / 65% / 4.61 PMX / 20ppm / 65%=9.23PPM

For medicine bath, the concentration of bleach is 4.6~9.2PPM.

(3) Sodium dichloroisocyanurate

[character] Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (also known as "Youchujing, Yukang) is a white crystalline powder with chlorine odor, containing 60% 64% of available chlorine and stable chemical properties. Available chlorine is only reduced by 0.16% after being placed indoors for half a year. It is soluble in water and the aqueous solution is weakly acidic. But the stability is poor. The prepared aqueous solution should not be released for a long time and should be used now.

[action] Sodium dichloroisocyanurate is a broad-spectrum germicidal disinfectant with strong germicidal power. the main active substance in its disinfection is chloruric acid, which is decomposed into hypochloric acid in water and has a strong oxidation effect. It is very easy to act on microorganisms and lower algal proteins, so it has a strong killing effect on bacterial vegetative forms, spores, viruses and fungal spores. It is often used to clean up water pollution and prevent and cure a variety of bacterial fish diseases in aquatic animals.

[purpose] it is mainly used to prevent and cure bacterial venereal diseases such as rotten Gill, red skin, rotten skin, white head and white mouth of fish, as well as disinfecting food farms, tools and clearing ponds.

[usage and dosage]

1. Spraying 0.3~0.4PPM in the whole pond can prevent and cure red skin disease and Gill rot disease.

2. Food farm disinfection can be regularly sprinkled with sodium dichloroisocyanurate, depending on the size, water depth, water quality and water temperature of the food farm, generally 100g to 120g, once every ten days. Sprinkle the medicine before feeding the fish.

3. Clear the pond with water and use 10 grams of sodium dichloroisocyanurate per cubic meter of water. Fish can be released after 10 days.

4. Take orally 60 grams of fish per 100 kg body weight (or 10 kg of feed plus 0.1 kg of sodium dichloroisocyanurate). Feed once a day for three days. It can be used for the prevention and treatment of bacterial enteritis.

(IV) Dichloroisocyanuric acid and chlorpromazine

[character] Dichloroisocyanuric acid (also known as anti-dissipation) is also a white crystalline powder, containing 60% available chlorine, slightly smelly chlorine and stable chemical properties. Its character, function and use, usage and dosage are similar to those of sodium dichloroisocyanurate.

Chlorpromazine is a compound preparation with dichloroisocyanuric acid as the main drug, its appearance is similar to dichloroisocyanuric acid, and contains about 60% available chlorine.

The effect and bactericidal mechanism of dichloroisocyanuric acid are the same as that of sodium dichloroisocyanurate. Youchujing is a compound preparation, in which the synergist added makes the aqueous solution of the drug maintain a high concentration of "molecular hypochlorite" for a long time. This high concentration of hypochlorite is uncharged and its ability to penetrate bacteria, spores and viruses is 100 times higher than that of hypochlorite ions. Therefore, the bactericidal effect of chlorpromazine is higher than that of dichloroisocyanuric acid.

[usage] dichloroisocyanuric acid and chlorpromazine are commonly used drugs for the prevention and treatment of bacterial venereal diseases in aquatic animals. It is mainly used for seedling disinfection, tool disinfection, pond cleaning and so on. Chlorpromazine also has the function of deodorizing and purifying water quality.

[usage and dosage] the usage and dosage of dichloroisocyanuric acid and chlorpromazine are the same as that of sodium dichloroisocyanurate. However, due to the greater irritation of dichloroisocyanuric acid, it is not easy to take it internally.

(v) trichloroisocyanuric acid

[character] trichloroisocyanuric acid, also known as strong chlorine, is a white crystalline powder with 80% available chlorine and a bad smell of chlorine. Chemically stable. Slightly soluble in water, water soluble in acid, acid or alkali decomposition, is a very strong oxidant and chlorination agent. The greater the alkalinity of the water, the lower the efficacy, so the application of quicklime affects the efficacy of trichloroisocyanuric acid. In addition, the drug should not be mixed with phosphorus-containing drugs.

Trichloroisocyanuric acid is an efficient, broad-spectrum, low-toxic and safe disinfectant. Decomposed into isocyanuric acid and hypochlorite in water, it has a strong killing effect on bacteria, viruses, fungi and spores. When the content is in 0.07~0.1PPM, it can kill the myxobacteria that cause fish disease and Aeromonas bacteria. [uses] it is often used to clear ponds and prevent and cure bacterial diseases, such as rotten Gill, enteritis, red skin disease and so on.

[usage and dosage] the maximum safe concentration of the drug is:

1. Clean the pond with water and make the water 10~15PPM. It can kill wild fish, shrimp, clam, aquatic insects and so on within one hour. Fish can be released after 10 days.

2. The whole pond sprinkling should be used to control bacterial fish disease, and the dosage can be determined according to the water temperature. Generally, 0.5 ℃ is used when the water temperature is less than 28 ℃, 0.4 PPM is used when the water temperature is less than 28 ℃, and 0.4 PPM is used when the water temperature is less than 30 ℃.

3. The study on the pharmacological changes of trichloroisocyanuric acid after oral administration is still blank, so it is better not to take it orally. If used for the treatment of skin diseases, no intestinal lesions, oral administration of trichloroisocyanuric acid in addition to stimulating appetite, is not beneficial to the treatment.

(VI) chlorine dioxide

[character] chlorine dioxide (ClO2) (also known as Baidujing, Sanjiuyutai), chlorine dioxide and its stable chlorine dioxide is not only an oxidant, but also a chlorine-containing preparation. It is called the fourth generation disinfectant after the first generation disinfectant bleach, the second generation disinfectant you Chlorin and the third generation strong chlorine. It is a class A1 broad-spectrum, safe and efficient disinfectant recognized by the world and confirmed by the World Health Organization. It is a new type of disinfectant in aquaculture. It has been widely used in disease control in aquaculture. Chlorine dioxide contains 226% available chlorine, 9.2 times the chlorine content of bleach 25-32% and 4.2 times that of dichloroisocyanuric acid 60-64%. Chlorine dioxide is soluble in water, its solubility in water is 5 times that of chlorine, and there is no hydrolysis after dissolution. The disinfection effect is not affected by the pH of water quality.

Chlorine dioxide can effectively kill bacteria, viruses, fungi, bacterial spores and bacteriophages, and oxidize and decompose botulinum toxin in water. In water, due to the adsorption between the effective component of chlorine dioxide and the capsid protein of the virus, there is a high concentration of disinfection molecules on the surface of the virus particles, thus strengthening its killing effect. Chlorine dioxide can exert good sterilization effect in the range of PH6~10, and the sterilization rate in PH8.5 water is more than 20 times faster than that of chlorine. The water body of soft-shelled turtle culture in greenhouse often contains ammonia, and the use of chlorine dioxide will neutralize ammonia to reduce the disinfection effect, so it can make up for the weakness that ozone disinfection can not remove ammonia. Chlorine dioxide has a strong effect on removing phenol odor. what is more significant is that after the use of chlorine dioxide, the carcinogen 3d4-benzopyrene in water can be oxidized to a non-carcinogenic quinone structure.

The bactericidal ability of chlorine dioxide is stronger than that of chlorine, the germicidal effect of chlorine dioxide is faster than that of chlorine, the germicidal efficacy of chlorine dioxide is more than 10 times that of chlorine, and the remaining dose lasts longer. The experimental results show that 2.0mg/LClO2 can kill almost 100% of the microorganisms when 30min is acted on, and the remaining concentration of ClO2 is still 0.9mg/L. In the process of application, it does not produce toxic substances such as organochlorine, so it has no stimulating effect on fish and shrimp, and does not affect the feeding and normal development of fish and shrimp. No damage to plankton, can improve water quality, deodorization and anticorrosion, is a real green disinfectant.

In addition, the chlorine dioxide preparation with 0.3ppm~3ppm concentration can reduce the total number of bacteria in aquaculture water by more than 92%, and increase the dissolved oxygen in aquaculture water, but the effect on inorganic nitrogen salt is not obvious, the chlorine dioxide preparation of 0.3ppm has no obvious effect on phytoplankton, and the effect of 1.2ppm below on zooplankton water flea in water is not obvious. 3ppm can inhibit the reproduction and growth of phytoplankton, and the concentration above 2.4ppm can affect the reproduction and survival of zooplankton water fleas. In terms of the effect on water quality, chlorine dioxide preparation is also better than other chlorine-containing disinfectants.

[uses] it is widely used in water treatment, disinfection and prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases in aquaculture.

[usage and dosage] specific usage of chlorine dioxide: before using stable chlorine dioxide, it must be hydrated. Generally, citric acid is used as activator, chlorine dioxide and citric acid 1 ∶ 1 are dissolved respectively, and then mixed and activated for 5-15 minutes. If it is sprinkled in the whole pool, it can be diluted with water continuously and sprinkled evenly. One more is used for sprinkling the whole pool, and the use makes the concentration of the pool water into 0.5~1PPM.

Note: liquid medicine can not be prepared or stored in metal containers; do not mix with acid organic compounds and flammable substances to prevent spontaneous combustion.