Technical points of rice harvest duck fattening rice-duck co-cropping model

Rice-duck co-cropping system is a compound ecosystem with the combination of natural ecology and human intervention. Based on paddy field, centered on rice planting and characterized by wild raising of domestic duck, rice-duck co-cropping system can make the environment of rice area free from pollution to the maximum extent, realize sustainable cultivation of rice field, save planting and breeding cost, and produce pollution-free and high-quality rice and duck meat.

Rice-duck co-cultivation

First, the selection and construction of fields. Plots with no pollution, abundant water resources, flat terrain and square land should be selected as rice-duck co-cultivation areas. in order to make rice fields irrigate deep 10cm water, all ridges must be raised to 20cm and widened to 80-100cm, so as to facilitate duck rest and water conservation.

Second, prepare rice and duck seedlings. Select high-yield and high-quality rice varieties with large panicle type, moderate plant height, straight and straight plant type, strong tillering ability, resistance to rice blast, false smut and moderate ripening period, which can avoid the harm of Chilo suppressalis and Chilo suppressalis. Raise seedlings in a fertile bed and cultivate strong seedlings of appropriate age (seedling age about 30 days, leaf age 4-5 leaves). Duck breeds with small size, flexibility, small food intake, strong resistance to camping and wide adaptability were selected. Such as Zhen Duck No. 1, Zhen Duck No. 2 and so on. The incubation period of ducks is about 28 days, and 7-10 days old young ducks are the most suitable to be put into paddy fields. Therefore, the incubation period of breeding eggs can be pushed back 35 days according to the date of planting rice seedlings and the date of releasing ducks.

Third, the technique of raising ducks for service. As soon as the rice is alive after planting seedlings, it is necessary to put the young duck in the sunny day as soon as possible, which can effectively eliminate weeds. In case of continuous rainy days, the release time of ducks can be postponed appropriately, and if ducks are domesticated, ducks can also be released on rainy days. General 15-20 mu, early rice and duck farming, 80-100 a group, 5 mu is appropriate; technologically mature, 150-200 a group, 10 mu is appropriate. When raising ducklings, it is best to raise 3-4 1-2-week-old ducklings in a flock to play a leading role. Do not put ducklings in flocks of ducklings at the age of 1-2 weeks, so as not to be abused. Before stocking, ducks should be vaccinated against duck plague. The ducklings that have been stocked for about 10 days have poor foraging ability, so it is necessary to add digestible and nutritious feed sooner or later, and then gradually turn to free feeding, supplemented by proper feeding. The duck was placed in the rice field for about 20 days, and the duckweed propagated in other fields was put among the rice to form the natural ecosystem of rice, duck and duckweed. The natural enemies of ducks are eagles, crows, weasels, snakes and other animals, which can be surrounded by nylon mesh along the ridge of the field, or rivers, ponds, walls, etc., can be used as barrier walls.

4. Rice cultivation techniques:

1. Transplanting technology. Rice adopts the sparse planting mode of wide row and wide plant, and the suitable row spacing is 30cm × 30cm, planting 1-12000 holes per mu, 2-3 seedlings per hole and 50-60 000 basic seedlings, which is beneficial not only to the high yield of rice, but also to the passage of ducks between rice.

2. Biological control of diseases, insect pests and weeds. Rice pests are mainly preyed on ducks, supplemented by high-efficiency biological pesticides. Chilo suppressalis can be killed by frequency vibration, and general diseases and insect pests can be controlled by high efficiency, low toxicity and low residual pesticides.

3. Water management. We should consider not only the characteristics of water demand of rice, but also the living habits of ducks. ⑴ water management at the initial stage of duck release. Before putting the duck into the paddy field, the water layer must be adjusted properly, and the shallow water of 3-5cm is suitable. After planting seedlings, proper irrigation of deep water is beneficial to live seedlings. 5-7 days after planting, after returning to green and living trees, the water layer should be properly adjusted to facilitate the release of ducks. ⑵ water management during duck release. The muddy water formed by the co-cultivation of rice and duck contains fertilizer, and drainage will lead to the loss of nutrients, so it is not drained, but when the water layer of the paddy field decreases, it is appropriate to supplement some water not exceeding 10cm. ⑶ rice shelving technology. High-yield ditches in the field should be dug deeper, and the deep water layer of 10cm should always be kept in the ditch for ducks to bathe. Through the method of placing ducks in pieces, the needs of drinking and foraging of ducks in the field are solved, that is, a nylon screen is pulled in a field, half of the paddy fields maintain the water layer, drive the ducks into the paddy fields, the other half are drained and shelved, and irrigated after placing the paddies, the ducks are driven to this half of the paddy fields and the other half of the paddy fields are drained and shelved to meet the requirements. Or drive the duck to the river or pond by the field for 3-4 days. In order not to affect duck foraging among rice, it is best to apply sufficient fertilizer at one time before transplanting rice, mainly mature long-acting organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, and topdressing with duck excrement and duckweed rotten back to the field instead of fertilizer soil.

4. Fertilization technology. In principle, rice-duck co-cropping does not apply chemical fertilizer, but can apply some organic fertilizer when the soil fertility is insufficient. In order to ensure that chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides are not applied, and to achieve organic production in a strict sense, the technical systems such as flood-drought rotation, planting economic green manure crops or co-cropping of rice, duck and ping can be implemented in soil fertility and fertilizer.

Fifth, mature ducks and rice harvest. Once the ducks start pecking at the ears of rice, the ducks should be driven out of the rice field. When rice is ripe, it will be harvested at the right time. The service ducks, which have been kept in the rice room for about two months, each weigh 1.3-1.5 kg. For example, in the double-cropping rice area, the mother duck can also be put into the late rice field to continue to forage and grow, add some feed in the field shed in the morning and evening, and lay eggs in the shed at night.