How to diagnose vesicular disease in pigs

The common vesicular diseases in pigs are foot-and-mouth disease, swine blister disease, swine vesicular rash and vesicular stomatitis, which are mainly characterized by blisters in mouth, hoof and other parts. Clinical attention should be paid to differences and symptomatic treatment.

Foot-and-mouth disease. Infringing on a variety of animals, mainly cloven-hoofed animals, human beings can also be infected. Cattle are susceptible, followed by pigs, sheep, goats and camels, and young animals are susceptible. The sources of infection are diseased animals and poisonous animals, and the transmission vectors are respiratory tract, digestive tract and wounds. The epidemic has no seasonality, but it occurs more in winter and spring.

1-2 days after suffering from the disease, the body temperature of pigs rose to 40-41 ℃, depressed spirit, loss of appetite or abstinence, small blisters or erosion of oral mucosa, local redness, slight heat and sensitivity of hoof crown, hoof fork and heel, and soon formed large blisters of rice grains or broad beans, and surface bleeding and erosion after rupture. If not infected for 1 week, they were cured. If secondary infection, serious hoof leaves, hoof shell fall off, the affected limb can not touch the ground, often can not lie; nose, breast common rotten spots, especially lactating sows, common nipple skin lesions. Suckling piglets often die suddenly from acute gastroenteritis and myocarditis, with a mortality rate of up to 60%.

Second, pig blister disease. Caused by swine blister disease virus, only pigs are susceptible, cattle, sheep and other livestock do not suffer from the disease. The source of infection is diseased pigs and infected pigs, which is mainly transmitted through digestive tract and wounds. Fashion is not seasonal, but it often occurs in humid and muggy season.

In the early stage, the skin is pale and swollen, which is first seen at the junction of the cutin of the hoof crown and heel with the skin. The blister protrudes obviously, is filled with blister fluid, breaks quickly, and can last for several days. The ulcer is formed after the blister is broken, the dermis is exposed and the color is bright red, often splitting between the skin of the hoof crown and the hoof shell. In severe cases, the hoof shell falls off, some diseased parts become suppurative ulcer due to secondary bacterial infection, hoof pain and claudication; some dogs sit or lie down, and severe cases crawl on the knee; some diseased pigs appear blisters around the nasal disc, tongue, lips and sow nipples at the same time, which can be cured after 10 days. Most piglets develop blisters on the nasal disc, which can cause the death of newborn piglets.

Third, vesicular stomatitis. Caused by vesicular stomatitis virus, the source of infection is sick and infected animals, insects as the transmission vector, directly transmitted through the damaged skin and mucous membrane. Many kinds of mammals are susceptible, mainly pigs, cattle, horses and some wild animals, mainly in summer and autumn.

At the beginning of the disease, the body temperature increased, 24-48 hours later, blister lesions appeared in the mouth and hoof, and soon ruptured to form crusts, mostly in the tongue, lips, nose and hoof crown. When the lesion of the mouth or hoof is serious, the intake is affected, but the appetite has not subsided. Sometimes ulcers occur in the hoof and the focus expands, which can make the hoof shell fall off and reveal a bright red bleeding face. The course of the disease was about 2 weeks, the prognosis was good, and the focus left no trace.

Fourth, porcine vesicular rash. Caused by a calicivirus, the case fatality rate is very low. The symptoms are very similar to foot-and-mouth disease, swine blister disease and vesicular stomatitis, which are difficult to distinguish and need laboratory diagnosis.