Map of diseases and insect pests of flowers

The disease and insect pest map-straight is scattered. The following pictures collect several kinds of common flower pest map, as well as fruit tree pest map, rose pest map, Qiao Zhi pest map I, which is worth keeping by flower friends!

Introduction of common diseases and insect pests of geranium (map description)

Geranium, alias hydrangea, stone red, red red, sunflower, belongs to the petunia family, including about 230 species of perennial fleshy, subshrub or shrub plants. The geranium likes to be warm in winter and cool in summer. It can blossom normally when the indoor temperature is kept at 15 ℃ every day in winter and the night temperature is above 8 ℃. But the optimum temperature is 15-20 ℃. Geraniums like dryness and hate dampness, and should not be watered too much in winter. See dry and wet. When the soil is wet, the stem is tender, which is not conducive to the sprouting and opening of flower branches; long-term excessive humidity will cause plants to grow too long, flower branches will move up, and the leaves will gradually yellow and fall off. Geraniums need plenty of sunlight for a long time, so they must be placed in the sun in winter. Lack of light, long stems and leaves, soft pedicels and poor inflorescence; buds in low light often bloom poorly and wither ahead of time. Geraniums do not like big fertilizer, too much fertilizer will make geraniums grow too prosperous and not conducive to flowering.

The young plants of pelargonium are fleshy herbs and the old ones are semi-lignified; flowers that decorate the windowsill are good in the West and are particularly common in continental Europe, such as Germany and Austria. Geranium in the maintenance process if you do not pay attention to conservation will appear a series of diseases and insect pests, the following specific introduction.

Geranium diseases and insect pests are mainly divided into two categories, as the name implies, diseases and insect pests, daily maintenance, basically will occur this kind of situation, depending on the size of the situation and the degree of influence to take different treatment programs. Most of them are planted at home, so the varieties are mixed. The probability of occurrence of diseases and insect pests is basically alternate infection! For example, the common rose and geranium hybrid, the space is limited, it is impossible to grow separately in the exclusive area.

Common rose pests can be transmitted to geraniums, such as aphids and red spiders. These two are common pests, aphids are easy to manage, and red spiders are almost stubborn diseases for most people. Therefore, in view of these daily diseases and insect pests, should be achieved in advance prevention, a small number of timely treatment.

1. Pelargonium fungal leaf spot

The fungal leaf spot of pelargonium caused by fungi is mainly caused by black spot and brown spot. Black spot disease mainly occurs in the lower part of the old leaves of the plant, the primary water stain-like spots, gradually expanded into necrotic spots. The disease spot has concentric wheel lines, and there is a small amount of black mildew in the upper life. In severe cases, the disease spots converge, the leaves shrink, blacken and die. The injured leaves of brown spot produced small yellow spots on the tip at the beginning, and gradually developed into brown spots, the edge of the disease spot on the front of the leaf was slightly raised, and the back of the leaf was slightly sunken. The seriously diseased leaves turn yellow and fall off easily, and light black mildew is produced on both sides.

1.1 incidence regularity: black spot is caused by Alternaria, and brown spot is caused by Pelargonium. The two pathogens belong to semi-knowing subphylum. Under the condition of warm and damp, the disease is more serious.

1.2 Prevention and control methods: strictly control watering times and water quantity, timely ventilation and dehumidification, and pay attention to improving lighting conditions. Remove the diseased leaves in time, remove the diseased body and burn it centrally. Early spraying 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800x, or 70% methyltopiramate wettable powder 800x 1000x, or 80% Dysen zinc wettable powder 1000 times, or 1 ∶ 1 ∶ Bordeaux solution.

two。 Botrytis cinerea of geranium

It mainly causes flower withering, leaf spots and cuttings rot. When the flower was injured, the middle floret was the first to be infected, and the flower withered and fell off ahead of time. When the weather is wet, the disease grows out of the gray mold layer, and the rotting florets stick together. The leaves appeared irregular waterlogged brown spots, soft rot and gray mold layer, and became dry and wrinkled in the later stage. After the damage to the stem and petiole, brown spots with unclear edges were formed and rotted.

2.1 Disease regularity: caused by Botrytis cinerea. It occurs more often in a cool and humid environment. The most important cause of the disease is frequent watering at low temperature.

2.2 Prevention and control methods: potted soil for planting infected flowers must be replaced or sterilized before use. Timely removal of diseased flowers, diseased leaves, pull out seriously diseased plants, focus on destruction, so as not to expand the infection. When planting, we should apply sufficient base fertilizer, appropriately increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. To avoid watering on cloudy days and at night, it is best to water in the morning on a sunny day, and should be ventilated and drained after watering. One watering should not be too much, try not to water on the leaf surface. At the initial stage of the disease, 50% Sukeling wettable powder 2000 times, or 50% propofol wettable powder 1500 times, or 70% methyl topiramate wettable powder 800 times 1000 times, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times, or 50% nonglidine wettable powder 1500 times, or 65% metalaxyl wettable powder 1500 times for foliar spray. Spray once every two weeks for 3 times in a row. If possible, use 10% Ludi EC 300 times 500 times or 15% Ludi wettable powder 500 times 700 times.

3. Pelargonium rust

Reddish-brown blister spots appeared on the leaves, petioles and stems of the geranium damaged by rust, and the leaves faded and fell off when the disease was serious.

3.1 Disease regularity: the pathogen is a kind of stalk rust. The pathogen was attached to the disease by summer spores and could survive for 6 months and became infected when the conditions were suitable.

3.2 Prevention and treatment: diseased leaves should be removed in time, or even diseased plants should be removed and burned thoroughly. In the early stage of the disease, spray 1000 times of 15% verapamil wettable powder, or 4000 times of 40% diazolone wettable powder, or 500 times of 80% Dysen zinc wettable powder, or 2000 times of 30% Teflin wettable powder, or 3000 times of 20% verapamil EC, or 3000 times of 40% diazolidone EC, or 90 000 times of 40% Foxing EC. Spray every 10 to 15 days, 3 times in a row.

4. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

The disease mainly occurs at the base of the stem of geranium. At the beginning of the disease, the spot was light brown, waterlogged, slightly sunken, backward and upward, and the tissue of the disease was rotten. When it is wet, the disease produces white mildew. In the later stage, the white mildew in the stem produces black mouse fecal sclerotia.

4.1 incidence regularity: the pathogen of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is Sclerotinia sclerotinia. The temperature of about 20 ℃ and the relative humidity of more than 85% are beneficial to the growth and development of the bacteria. The pathogen overwintered in diseased tissue and soil with sclerotia. Under suitable conditions, sclerotia germinated, ascospores spread by wind and rain, and hyphae spread reliably. The occurrence of disease can be aggravated by heavy and humid soil, partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, over-dense plants, low air temperature, high humidity and so on.

4.2 Control methods: flowerpots should not be placed too close, so as to improve ventilation and light transmission among plants, strengthen fertilizer and water management, apply more fully mature organic fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and do not apply nitrogen fertilizer, so as to improve the disease resistance of plants.

Before and at the early stage of the disease, plant ash and hydrated lime were mixed according to 4 ∶ 1, and sprinkled on the soil surface of the middle, lower part and stem base of the plant. In the early stage of the disease, the medicament can be used for early spray prevention and treatment: more than 40%-600 times of sulfur suspension, 500 times of 500 times of thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 600 times of 50% mixed sulfur suspension, or 500 times of 50% sclerotia net wettable powder, or 1500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, or 1000 times of 50% promethazine wettable powder.

5. Bacterial leaf spot of pelargonium (different from the first fungal leaf spot)

Also known as geranium bacterial blight, mainly damage leaves, but also infect stems and branches. After the leaves were infected, there were water-stained brown spots at the initial stage, and then expanded into dark brown round or irregular spots. In severe cases, the disease spots become patches, and the leaves are necrotic and dry. After the stem and branches were damaged, the vascular bundles turned brown or black, the stem branches blackened and contracted, showing dry rot, the leaves on the stem withered and fell off, and the dead spots were polygonal.

5.1 morbidity regularity

The disease is caused by a kind of Xanthomonas. Bacteria can spread through the contact of cuttings, the spatter of water droplets and the migration of insects. If the plant is cultivated too densely, it is easy to get sick when it grows. High temperature and humidity and improper fertilization are also beneficial to the disease. The disease of the old leaves in the lower part of the plant is serious. The resistance of different varieties to the disease is very different. The large-flowered geranium is highly resistant to disease, and the pelargonium is highly susceptible to disease.

5.2 Prevention and control methods

The flowerpot can be soaked in 10% bleach powder for 10 minutes, the soaking solution should be ready for use, or 40% formalin and water should be mixed into 2% solution and soak the flowerpot for 10 minutes. Remove all diseased leaves and branches, the plant should not be too dense. Temperature and humidity should be well controlled. Watering method and time should be reasonable, do not spray directly on the plant, in order to avoid splashing water droplets to spread disease. At the initial stage of the disease, 50% copper dicarboxylic acid (DT) wettable powder is sprayed in time, which can not be used in combination with other drugs. Or 60%DTM wettable powder 500x liquid, or 77% WP 400x solution, or 70% Chlorothalonil WP 500g 600x solution, or 72% streptomycin sulfate 4000 fold solution, or neophytomycin 4000 times solution, foliar spray, once every 7 to 10 days, 3 times continuously.

6. Geranium root cancer

Also known as crown gall disease, mainly occurs in the rhizome of geranium, some also occur in the stem, branches. Small tumors can be seen at the initial stage of infection, and then gradually expand and harden, the surface is cracked and rough, gray to flesh color, of different sizes, and many hairs often grow on the surface of the tumor. The injured plant is dwarfed, the leaves are small and often fade, the flowering period is short, and in serious cases, the fallen leaves and branches wither, and even the whole plant dies. The disease is caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which lives in the cancer surface and soil, spreads with the help of Rain Water and irrigation water, invades from the wound, and the plant soil surface rhizome is easy to be infected. The disease is serious when there are wounds in continuous cropping and rhizome.

6.1 Prevention and control methods:

When the infection rate of seedlings is high or diseased plants are found, soak the stem base of seedlings with 1% copper sulfate for 5 minutes, and soak in 2% lime water for 1 minute. At the initial stage of the disease, the tumor was removed with a knife, and then the wound was smeared with lime-sulfur mixture or 1purl 100-fold Bordeaux solution, 25% thiumazole 400-fold 500-fold solution, and 90% streptomycin 2000-3000-fold solution. In addition, injections of penicillin and streptomycin are also effective.

7. Pelargonium edema disease

Edema is a physiological disease, which mostly occurs in a series of varieties. When the plant absorbs a large amount of water and cannot evaporate through the leaf surface in time, it will show this symptom. At first, the symptoms appear below the leaves in the form of blisters. When the plant is stressed by water, light, PH and other environmental conditions, the blisters will burst. The symptoms are similar to those damaged by spider mites. In the process of growth, the occurrence of this disease can be effectively controlled by the following operations to ensure that the plant will not be short of water and dry, especially when the ambient temperature is relatively high, do not over-irrigate the plant in January and February, try not to use flowerpot trays, ensure adequate empty circulation, keep relative humidity below 75%, and heat and ventilate when the humidity is high. Shading treatment was carried out to avoid sudden strong light exposure; the PH value was kept between 5.6 and 5.7, and there was no iron deficiency in the matrix; the irrigation time was chosen in the early morning, and calcium nitrate fertilizer was supplemented regularly.

Insect pest

1. Spodoptera litura

Larvae: the body length of the last instar larvae is 32mm. Brown head, black spots on both cheeks; yellowish green carcass, 8 light longitudinal lines on the back, yellowish valve line; 3 pairs of chest feet, black; 2 pairs of abdominal feet; 1 pair of tail feet, yellowish green.

Adult: about 17mm, wingspan 34mm, dark brown, with brown hair on the back of the posterior chest and the 1st and 3rd ventral segments. There are prominent silver spots and U-shaped crazes in the center of the forewings; the hind wings are light brown and the outer margin is dark brown. Egg hemispherical, yellowish green, surface mask vertical and horizontal grid.

Prevention and cure method

1.1 during the occurrence of adults, black lights were used to trap adults.

Spray 90% Wanling water agent 4500 times or 75% Lavein 4000 times, imidacloprid 2500 times, Yitaibao EC 3000 times, 5.7% permethrin EC 3000 times.

two。 Bemisia Tabaci

With piercing and sucking mouthparts, adults and nymphs suck plant sap, and the injured leaves fade, yellowing, wilting, and even the whole plant dies. In addition, because of its strong fecundity, fast reproduction, large population, clustering and secreting a large amount of honey, it seriously pollutes the leaves and plants. Morphological features: the adult is about 0.9-1.4 mm long, yellowish white or white, both male and female have wings, the whole body is covered with white wax powder, the female is larger than the male, and its ovipositor is needle-shaped. The egg is oval, about 0.2-0.25 mm long, yellowish at first birth, then dark brown, with egg stalk, on the back of the leaf. Larvae (or nymphs) are oval and flat. Yellowish or dark green, with uneven waxy filamentous protrusions on the body surface. The pupa is oval, about 0.7-0.8 mm long, slightly raised in the middle, yellowish brown, with 5-8 pairs of uneven wax filaments on the back.

Prevention and cure measures

2.1 can be sprayed to control, there are 600-800 times thistle lice 1, acetamiprid, 0.30% (matrine), thiazide, acetamiprid, chrysanthemum EC, cypermethrin EC, methamphetamine, fenvalerate or Uranus, etc.

3. Aphids

Plants affected by aphids have a variety of different symptoms, such as reduced growth rate, leaf spots, yellowing, dysplasia, leaf curling, reduced yield, wilt and death. The ingestion of juice by aphids leads to the lack of vitality of plants, and the saliva of aphids is also toxic to plants.

Prevention and cure measures

The selection of imidacloprid series products can be used according to the instructions, which is easy to prevent and cure.

Conclusion: the above is the relevant knowledge about geranium diseases and insect pests. I hope it will be helpful to you.