High-yield cultivation techniques of Codonopsis pilosula

Codonopsis pilosula, which is a perennial herbaceous vine of Campanulaceae, is named after its origin in Shangdang County. The root is used in medicine. Distributed in the northeast, northwest and other provinces. At present, the largest artificial cultivation area is Weiyuan County in our province, which is known as "the hometown of Chinese Codonopsis pilosula". Pharmacological experiments show that Codonopsis pilosula can increase blood sugar, increase the amount of red blood cells and blood pigments, increase blood concentration, decrease white blood cells, reduce blood pressure and promote blood coagulation. Sweet and temperamental. It has the functions of tonifying qi, tonifying blood and promoting fluid. For spleen deficiency, lack of food, loose stool, limb tiredness, shortness of breath, speech weakness, blood deficiency, dizziness, palpitation, fluid deficiency, tongue dryness, thirst and other diseases.

I. brief introduction of plant characteristics and varieties

1. Plant characteristics. The root is conical, fleshy, the tip is inflated, with most stem scars, commonly known as "lion head". The twining trailing stems are much branched, up to about 2 meters high. The young part has fine white hairs, the leaves are alternate, opposite or pseudowhorled, the leaf blade is ovate or broadly ovate, the base is nearly heart-shaped, and the whole body section has milk, with a special stench. Flowers light green, pedunculate. Capsule conical, seeds mostly small, brown glossy; florescence 8-September, fruiting 9-October.

2. Variety introduction. At present, there are many producing areas of Codonopsis pilosula, and the varieties and names are complex. according to the proximity and quality of the region, the products are divided into five types: the West Party, the East Party, the Bai Party, the West Party and the East Party, and the rest are family varieties.

II. Biological characteristics

1. Growth and development. Codonopsis pilosula likes a cool climate, and the alpine area with an altitude of 1800 Murray 3000 meters above sea level is more suitable for growth.

2. Requirements for environmental conditions. High temperature is bad for its growth. Strict requirements for light, seedlings like yin, after growing up like yang. Party ginseng taboo continuous cropping, continuous cropping is prone to diseases and insect pests. Potato is the best crop in the previous crop of Codonopsis pilosula.

III. Cultivation techniques

1. Land selection and preparation. It is appropriate to choose semi-shady sloping land, sandy loam with loose and fertile soil, more humus and good drainage. Apply ring fertilizer 2000MUE / mu 3000 kg, diammonium phosphate 20MUE / Mel 30kg, calcium superphosphate 30MUE 50kg, then ploughing, raking fine and leveling to make a flat bed. The width is 3mm and the length is 5m depending on the terrain. Transplanting site is required to be shady. The hillside land is planted more than the border, and it can be leveled along the slope.

2. The method of reproduction. Propagate with seeds, often raise seedlings and transplant, and use less direct seeding.

(1) raising seedlings. Select the seeds of the same year to be sown before and after Bailu, the germination rate can reach 85%, and the seeds of the same year can be sown in the spring and summer of the second year, but the germination rate is low. The germination rate of aged seeds in the next year is less than 10%, which can not be used. Select fertile and shady plots on the nursery land, turn deeply, level and rake fine, and pour water through. Sprinkle seeds evenly on top, rake carefully with 3murmur5cm nail rake and cover with wheat straw to shade the sun. The seedbed should be sprayed frequently to keep the soil moist. Mu uses seed 2MUR 3kg. The seedling field of Codonopsis pilosula is not fertilized to prevent overgrowth. After the seedlings come out, remove the mulch, when the seedling height is about 6 cm, the appropriate seedlings, in case too dense affect the growth, pull the grass in time.

(2) transplanting. After the soil thaws in late autumn or spring, do not hurt the roots of the seedlings, remove the diseased and residual plants, and tie them into small handfuls. Autumn planting can improve the survival rate, in the whole ground according to the row spacing of 25 murmur30 cm, a depth of about 15 cm trench, and then according to the plant spacing of 10 cm along the ditch, covering 5 cm of soil. 50kg per mu with ginseng seedling 40m / m.

3. Field management

(1) ploughing, weeding and topdressing. For Codonopsis pilosula after seedling cultivation or transplanting, weeding was carried out for the first time when the seedling height was 10cm and when the seedling height was 15mm and 18cm, the second weeding was carried out combined with topdressing. Codonopsis pilosula growth period should not be excessive water, when the drought is serious, appropriate watering, topdressing urea or phosphate fertilizer 10mur15kg / mu.

(2) erection and seed collection. When the seedlings of Codonopsis pilosula are 30 cm high, bamboo poles or branches are inserted into the rows to make the stem vines wind around them. Where the stem vines are too thick, they can be thinned properly to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. When the fruit changes from green to yellow and the seeds inside become yellowish brown, cut off the stems and dry them, shake out the seeds, remove impurities, store them in a cloth bag and place them in a dry and ventilated place for use. If you do not collect seeds, you can not set up a frame, and cut off the stems and vines at any time when they are more than 30cm, so as to facilitate the growth of ginseng roots.

4. Pest control

(1) rust. It is easy to get sick in rainy and humid season. Control method: after the seedlings of Codonopsis pilosula withered, clear the garden in time and burn the diseased and withered leaves. At the initial stage of the disease, the patients were sprayed with 600-fold solution of Dysen zinc 500-Mel, or 800-fold solution of triadimefon.

(2) root rot. The disease is easy to occur in low temperature and rainy season. Prevention and treatment: pay attention to drainage. At the initial stage of the disease, the roots were irrigated with 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder.

(3) Underground pests. There are mainly grubs, ground tigers, golden needles and so on, causing damage to the roots. 3911 and phoxim can be used for erbium trapping. The method is: 3911 or phoxim 0.50kg per mu, 5kg of water, mix in 10Mel 20kg of oil dregs, sprinkle before ploughing, sprinkle with you, in case the efficacy is reduced.

IV. Harvesting and processing

Generally, after transplanting for 1 year, dig out the ginseng root, shake off the soil, dry it to soft according to the thickness, hold it with your hand, and then dry it for 4 times. Codonopsis pilosula production areas also have a method of grading ginseng roots according to size, using nylon rope to wear a 5-meter string of 3MUR, and hanging it on a pre-set rack to dry. The advantage of this method is that it can save the drying ground and is beneficial to ventilation and drying. It is better to have thick ginseng strips, tight flesh, soft and smooth quality and sweet taste. The drying rate is about 2:1. The yield per mu is 300ml / mu, 400kg.