Cultivation and Management techniques of High quality and High yield of Pinellia ternata

First, the selection and arrangement of Pinellia ternata likes the warm and humid environment, and the planting land should choose small flat land with gentle slopes in the mountains with high altitude, loose, fertile, moist and weak sunshine. After ploughing and smashing the land for many times, 3000-4000 kg of farm manure was applied per mu as base fertilizer, with a height of 20 cm and a width of 100-120 cm. Because Pinellia ternata is a shade-tolerant plant, it can be intercropped under orchards and high-stem crops.

Second, breeding methods

(1) bulb propagation. Choose disease-free, injury-free bulbs with a diameter of 1.2-1.3 cm for planting from November to December, put them in a ventilated place for 1-2 days, store them in a cool place indoors, or plant them in the same year.

(2) Propagation of bulbs. In summer and autumn, when the old leaves are about to wither, the bulbs on the petiole are collected and planted. The planting time of Pinellia ternata is generally from late March to early April every year. The size of the bulb is graded before planting and planted separately for management. Trench according to the row spacing of 15-20 cm (the ditch depth is about 5 cm), then sow the bulbs or bulbs evenly in the ditch according to the plant spacing of 1.5 cm, cover the border surface with soil, cover with a layer of straw or seedless weeds, and drench the border surface with water. Generally, 100-120 kg bulbs or 50-60 kg bulbs are played per mu.

III. Field management

(1) dressing up in time. Pinellia ternata is a kind of fertilizer-loving plant, which is fertilized for the first time after emergence, with 1000 kilograms of feces from acquaintances per mu and 2000 kilograms of feces per mu, and then many times after looking at the seedlings. After Lesser Fullness of Grain, when the first batch of bulbs grew many new plants, the plant density in the field increased, and the bulbs grew rapidly, requiring more water and fertilizer, in addition, manure, cake fertilizer and urea should be re-applied. 4000-5000 kg of rotten stable fertilizer and turf ash mixed fertilizer per mu, and 50 kg of peanut bran (after crushing and composting) were scattered on the border surface. Soil cultivation is carried out immediately after fertilization to prevent fertilizer loss.

(2) do a good job of drainage and irrigation and soil cultivation. High temperature and dry soil often cause plant yellowing and even seedling collapse, which directly affect the growth of tubers. Therefore, during the whole growth and development period of Pinellia ternata, it is necessary to keep the soil moist to promote the growth of plants and roots, and to do a good job of drainage in the rainy season to prevent corm rot. After June every year, mature seeds and buds fall to the ground one after another, and it is appropriate to cultivate the soil twice from Grain in Beard (early June) to Lesser Heat (early July), so as to facilitate the growth of the soil and grow into new sturdy plants. The soil is taken from the border and broken, sprinkled evenly on the border surface, about 1.5 cm thick, and then pluck the soil flat by hand to prevent stagnant water.

(3) pick buds at the right time. In order to promote the growth of the bulb and reduce the consumption of nutrients, the bud should be removed in stages and in batches when the plant is bolting. In addition, Pinellia ternata has strong fecundity, and the buds grow very fast and are not easy to remove after falling to the ground. Therefore, when the Buddha bud grows, it must be removed to make the bulb accumulate more nutrients, so as to increase the yield of Pinellia ternata.

IV. Pest control

(1) corm rot. It usually occurs in the rainy season and low-lying waterlogging areas. After the disease, the corms rotted and the aboveground stems and leaves withered. Prevention and treatment methods: pay attention to drainage, pull out the diseased plant at the initial stage of the disease, and irrigate the diseased plant with 5% lime water, or sprinkle lime powder at the diseased point to prevent the spread of the disease.

(2) Leaf shrinkage disease. A disease caused by virus usually occurs in summer. After the disease, the leaflet shrinks and twists, and the plant becomes shorter and deformed. Control methods: one is to completely eliminate the aphids that spread the disease, and the other is to select disease-free plants to keep seeds.

(3) aphids. The adults and larvae suck the sap of the tender leaves, which yellowes the leaves and hinders the growth of the plants. Control methods: one is to spray with 1500-2000 times dilution of 40% dimethoate EC during the occurrence of aphids, and the other is to spray with 1000-1500 times diluent of mimetil.

(4) Pieris rapae. The larvae bite the leaves, causing holes and gaps, and when serious, the whole leaf is eaten up. It can be sprayed with 1500 times dilution of trichlorfon or 1000 times dilution of dichlorvos during the occurrence period.

Fifth, harvest from late September to November of the current year when tubers are planted for processing. Jiangsu and Zhejiang are carried out from late September to mid-October, while Sichuan and Guangxi are from October to November. It is not easy to peel if harvested too late. When the leaves on the ground are withered and yellow, choose a small four-toothed iron rake on a sunny day, turn it shallowly along the border surface, and pick up the bulbs with a transverse diameter of more than 10 mm for processing human medicine. Bulbs less than 10 mm are left in the ground to be cultivated and harvested when they grow up next year. If the soil layer is loose, the soil layer of the bulb can be shoveled into the screen and the corm can be screened out. Store the recovered Pinellia bulb indoors for 10-15 days, 40-50 cm thick, after fermentation (when the outer skin is slightly rotten and easy to take off, but not for too long, so as to avoid corm rot), put it in the bamboo basket, put on straw sandals or rubber overshoes, trample constantly in the bamboo basket to remove the rough skin of the outer layer of the corm, then rinse the impurities and dry the surface moisture, then put sulphur in the sulfur cabinet (stove) to penetrate the heart. Take it out and dry in the sun. In case of cloudy and rainy days, continue to put people's cabinets (stoves) to fumigate and wait for sunny days to dry. The products are of high quality, such as dry feet, strong powdered feet, peeled skin, light yellow appearance, white meat and more than 10 mm horizontal diameter.