High quality and High yield cultivation techniques of Pinellia ternata

1. The basic condition for high yield of Pinellia ternata is to select land and prepare soil to create good growth and cultivation environment. Pinellia ternata in the long-term wild ecological environment conditions, formed a warm and humid climate and shade environment, afraid of high temperature, drought and strong light irradiation, can be cold characteristics. Therefore, Pinellia ternata should be planted near the water source, back to the sun plateau, terrace or gentle slope of the sandy loam. The soil is loose, fertile and well drained. The first crop is corn or rape. After selecting the land, combined with autumn ploughing, apply decomposed chicken manure or other high-quality agricultural fertilizer 2000kg, calcium superphosphate 50kg or diammonium phosphate 15kg per mu. Before sowing, fine soil preparation shall be carried out, the width of the ridge shall be 1.5m, the length of the ridge shall be determined according to the terrain, and the height of the ridge shall be 20cm. Generally, the cultivation ridge shall be arranged into two rows side by side, and an irrigation ridge with the width of 40cm shall be made on the side of the ridge width.

2. Strict and scientific seed selection is the key to high yield of Pinellia ternata. Many years of production practice has proved that wild Pinellia ternata in cold and cold areas above 1650 meters above sea level is resistant to degradation, has good seed quality and carries less bacteria. High yield, disease resistance, strong resistance, good quality. The harvest can be harvested in the same year of cultivation, and the effect is quick. When wild Pinellia ternata is ripe in late August, it is necessary to purchase wild Pinellia ternata tubers with a diameter of 1 cm in high mountain areas in time, and store them in a cool place for seed after drying and selection. Do not select artificially cultivated tuber of Pinellia ternata for seed use.

3. It is the basis of high yield of cultivated Pinellia ternata that the quality of seeding should be controlled carefully, and the uniform and early emergence of Pinellia ternata should be promoted. Pinellia ternata cultivation in my county is generally sown in late autumn, with stable temperature through 8℃, in late October for the appropriate sowing period. If the soil is dry before sowing, it should be watered once to ensure sufficient moisture. When sowing, the seeds are graded according to size, diseased and rotten tubers are removed, and the seeds are dressed with 10 million agricultural lianymycin or 50% carbendazim according to 3/1000 of the seed quantity and stacked for 12 hours before sowing. Sowing method: shovel 10cm thick soil from the first sowing border, level the bottom of the border, sow seeds evenly in the border according to 250kg seed per mu, and put 2~3 planting depth limiting plates with height of 10cm vertically in the border. Then shovel up the soil of 10cm thick in the second small ridge and evenly cover it in the first sowing ridge. Combined with soil covering, use carbendazim to disinfect the soil. The soil covering depth shall not exceed the height limit plate. Take out the height limit plate and rake it carefully and level it. In this way, after the 2nd row is planted, the 3rd row is shoveled out and covered with soil, and so on until the soil shoveled out of the 1st row is covered in the last row.

4. Field Management Strengthening field management is the fundamental measure to ensure high yield of Pinellia ternata. The key to pinellia cultivation is to grasp the management measures of water and fertilizer, weeding and pest control.

4.1 Water and fertilizer management. Pinellia ternata root shallow, wet fear of drought, like fertilizer, water shortage easily caused by stem and leaf withered on the ground. In early spring before emergence must be irrigated once permeable, followed by timely tilling loose soil, improve ground temperature, promote early emergence. After the middle of May, the temperature gradually rises. When there is no rain in the dry days, it can be watered once every 7~10 days, especially in the high temperature weather in July. Pay more attention to watering, keep the soil moist frequently, and prevent drought from falling seedlings. Fertilization should be combined with irrigation, and 1000kg of human excrement or 10kg of diammonium phosphate should be applied to each mu in early April and late May after full seedling, and foliar fertilization with potassium dihydrogen phosphate and rigume should be carried out 2~3 times during the growth period.

4.2 Cultivate and weed. Pinellia ternata seedlings weak roots small, poor growth potential. It is easy to breed weeds, form grass shortage, compete for water and fertilizer, and seriously affect the yield of Pinellia ternata. The seedlings must be weeded frequently before they are sealed, and the cultivation depth shall not exceed 5cm to avoid damaging the seedlings and roots. The whole growth period of Pinellia ternata should be uprooted when there is grass, keep the field clean and free of weeds, and strictly prevent grass shortage.

4.3 Pest control. The common diseases of Pinellia ternata are leaf spot and rot disease, and the main pests are red moth and underground pests. Leaf spot disease in late May to early July onset, purple brown spots appear on the diseased leaves, serious when covered with the whole leaf, so that the leaves curl scorched and died. At the initial stage of disease, it can be sprayed with 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture, or alternatively sprayed with Diwuban, ethyl phosphorus, aluminum manganese zinc and carbendazim for 2~3 times. Rot disease occurred in rainy and high temperature season from mid-June to early August, the stems and leaves on the ground withered and seedlings died, and the underground tubers rotted. It can be controlled by spraying or irrigating roots with 70% Mebang Zhiwei, 70% methyl thiophane, yellow green and neophytin. Red sky moth bites leaf blade with larva, food intake is big, when happening badly, can eat leaf blade light. The mixture of 50% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate and 20% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate can be sprayed with 1000 times solution.

5. Timely harvest and fine processing are important measures to ensure the quality of Pinellia ternata. Whether Pinellia ternata is harvested timely and processed finely directly affects the commodity value of tubers. Harvesting too early, tubers small and tender, low yield; too late, tuber inner epidermis coarse presbyopic hemp, the formation of oil seeds. It is better to harvest in late August after stem and leaf wilting. When harvesting, carefully dig and pick up Pinellia tuber on sunny days to prevent damage. The collected pinellia ternata is put into sacks according to big, medium and small grades, the outer skin is stepped on by wearing long rubber shoes, washed with water and dried in time, and the raw pinellia ternata is obtained.