Pleurotus ostreatus

Agaricus bisporus, also known as Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus bisporus.

The cultivation history of Agaricus bisporus in China is relatively short. Fujian Province is a major province of Agaricus bisporus production, accounting for more than 50% of the national production. In the north of China, especially in the northeast, Agaricus bisporus started late and the production technology was poor. Therefore, there is a large market space for the development of Agaricus bisporus production.

1. Morphological characteristics of Agaricus bisporus.

1. Morphological characteristics of mycelium mycelium is the nutrient for the growth of Agaricus bisporus.

The life history type of Agaricus bisporus is single spore fertile and multinucleate mycelium. The mycelium is formed by the germination of basidiospore, and the fruiting body is formed after the growth of primary mycelium, secondary mycelium and tertiary mycelium, and then to the physiological maturity of mycelium.

2. The morphological characteristics, differentiation and development of the fruiting body.

The fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus has typical cap, fold, stalk, ring and so on. The fruiting body is hemispherical when young, and the cap unfolds in the shape of an umbrella when it matures. It is 15 cm in diameter, white, yellowish or gray, and the surface is smooth and non-sticky. The fungus flesh is white, the fungus pleated brown and free. The cap and stalk are both white, the stalk is cylindrical and the base is thick. The bacterial ring is born in the middle of the stalk, membranous and white.

II. Factors affecting the development of fruiting bodies

Agaricus bisporus is composed of binuclear hyphae, and the required nutrients are transported to the fruiting body by the nutrients in the surrounding hyphae. It is generally believed that the differentiation and development of fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus depends entirely on cell expansion. The stalk immediately under the lid is the fastest part of it. The formation mechanism of the fruiting entity is related to the following factors:

1. Temperature difference change

When the temperature dropped to 14 ℃-16 ℃, the mushroom hyphae changed from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and then formed fruiting bodies.

2. The change of the ratio of carbon dioxide to oxygen

The formation of fruiting bodies can only be promoted when the content of carbon dioxide decreases from 0.1% Mel 0.5% to 0.03% Mel 0.01%.

3. Soil microorganisms

Hormones produced by some soil microorganisms induce and promote the formation of fruiting bodies.

4. Mechanical stimulation

Under mechanical stimulation, including mycelium and fruiting body, the growth can be accelerated and the yield can be increased.

III. Nutritional sources for the growth and development of Agaricus bisporus

The main nutrient source of Agaricus bisporus comes from straw and manure. Straw can be rice straw, barley straw and other gramineous stems and leaves, as well as alfalfa stalk, corncob, bagasse, @ # @ 245 straw, cottonseed hull and so on. The above raw materials are required to be fresh, non-rotten and moldy. For many years, the straw used in the production of Agaricus bisporus is mainly rice straw and barley. However, there are great regional differences in China, and all kinds of straws are wasted at a time when the edible mushroom industry is booming. The majority of edible fungus scientific research and producers have studied and developed a variety of cultivation formulations, and the changes of main materials emerge in endlessly. Agaricus bisporus is developing towards diversified cultivation. There are a large number of cottonseed hulls in Henan Province. at present, the high and new technology of producing Agaricus bisporus with cottonseed hulls has been studied, and the yield is higher than that of rice straw. The cultivation technology of Agaricus bisporus with corn straw has the advantages of low cost and convenient material extraction. The ingredients are simple, and its biological efficiency is also very high. There are a lot of corn straw and rice straw in Northeast China. We can make good use of these raw materials and technologies in exchange for high returns with low cost.

At present, the most urgent task is to introduce and select excellent strains and cultivation methods of Agaricus bisporus according to the climatic conditions and raw material resources in Northeast China, so that the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus can be widely developed in Northeast China and provide a new way for farmers to get rich.